``No，no，’’sheobjected。``Youcannotbethejudgeofthat。Promisemeyouwillremainuntilthefriendsyoumosttrusttellyouitistimetowith—
draw，ormakeyouunderstandthatitistime。
Promisemethat。’’
Imadethepromise。Sheseemedcontent，andagainbegantotalkofthefuture。
``Youwillnothaveaneasypath，’’shewarnedme。``Insomewaysitwillbeharderforyouthanithaseverbeenforme。Iwassomucholderthantherestofyou，andIhadbeenpresidentsolong，thatyougirlshaveallbeenwillingtolistentome。Itwillbedifferentwithyou。Otherwomenofyourownagehavebeenintheworkalmostaslongasyouhavebeen；youdonotstandoutfromthembyageorlengthofservice，asIdid。Therewillbeinevi—
tablejealousiesandmisunderstandings；therewillbeallsortsofcriticismandmisrepresentation。Mylastwordtoyouisthis：Nomatterwhatisdoneorisnotdone，howyouarecriticizedormisunder—
stood，orwhateffortsaremadetoblockyourpath，rememberthattheonlyfearyouneedhaveisthefearofnotstandingbythethingyoubelievetoberight。Takeyourstandandholdit；thenletcomewhatwill，andreceiveblowslikeagoodsoldier。’’
Iwastoomuchovercometoanswerher；andafteramomentofsilenceshe，inherturn，mademeapromise。
``Idonotknowanythingaboutwhatcomestousafterthislifeends，’’shesaid。``Butifthereisacontinuanceoflifebeyondit，andifIhaveanyconsciousknowledgeofthisworldandofwhatyouaredoing，Ishallnotbefarawayfromyou；andintimesofneedIwillhelpyouallIcan。Whoknows？
PerhapsImaybeabletodomorefortheCauseafterIamgonethanwhileIamhere。’’
Nineyearshavepassedsincethen，andineachdayofthemallitseemstome，inlookingback，I
havehadsomeoccasiontorecallherwords。WhentheywereutteredIdidnotfullycomprehendalltheymeant，ortheclearnessofthevisionthathadsuggestedthem。ItseemedtomethatnopositionIcouldholdwouldbeofsufficientimportancetoattractjealousyorpersonalattacks。Theyearshavebroughtmorewisdom；Ihavelearnedthatanyonewhoassumesleadership，orwho，likemyself，hashadleadershipforceduponher，mustexpecttobearmanythingsofwhichtheworldknowsnothing。
Butwiththisknowledge，too，hascomethememoryof``AuntSusan’s’’lastpromise，andagainandyetagaininhoursofdiscouragementanddespairIhavebeenhelpedbytheblessedconvictionthatshewaskeepingit。
Duringthelastforty—eighthoursofherlifeshewasunwillingthatIshouldleaveherside。SodayandnightIkneltbyherbed，holdingherhandandwatchingtheflameofherwonderfulspiritgrowdim。
Attimes，eventhen，itblazedupwithstartlingsud—
denness。Onthelastafternoonofherlife，whenshehadlainquietforhours，shesuddenlybegantoutterthenamesofthewomenwhohadworkedwithher，asifinafinalroll—call。Manyofthemhadprecededherintothenextworld；otherswerestillsplendidlyactiveintheworkshewaslayingdown。Butyoungorold，livingordead，theyallseemedtofilepastherdyingeyesthatdayinanendless，shadowyre—
view，andastheywentbyshespoketoeachofthem。
Notallthenamesshementionedwereknowninsuffrageranks；someofthesewomenlivedonlyintheheartofSusanB。Anthony，andnow，forthelasttime，shewasthankingthemforwhattheyhaddone。Herewasonewho，atamomentofspecialneed，hadgivenhersmallsavings；herewasanotherwhohadwonvaluablerecruitstotheCause；thisonehadwrittenastrongeditorial；thatonehadmadeastirringspeech。Inthesefinalhoursitseemedthatnotasinglesacrificeorservice，howeversmall，hadbeenforgottenbythedyingleader。Lastofall，shespoketothewomenwhohadbeenonherboardandhadstoodbyherloyallysolong——RachelFosterAvery，AliceStoneBlackwell，CarrieChap—
manCatt，Mrs。Upton，LauraClay，andothers。
Then，afterlyinginsilenceforalongtimewithhercheekonmyhand，shemurmured：``Theyarestillpassingbeforeme——faceafterface，hundredsandhundredsofthem，representingalltheeffortsoffiftyyears。IknowhowhardtheyhaveworkedIknowthesacrificestheyhavemade。Butithasallbeenworthwhile！’’
Justbeforeshelapsedintounconsciousnesssheseemedrestlessandanxioustosaysomething，search—
ingmyfacewithherdimmingeyes。
``Doyouwantmetorepeatmypromise？’’I
asked，forshehadalreadymademedososeveraltimes。Shemadeasignofassent，andIgavehertheassuranceshedesired。AsIdidsosheraisedmyhandtoherlipsandkissedit——herlastconsciousaction。FormorethanthirtyhoursafterthatI
kneltbyherside，butthoughsheclungtomyhanduntilherownhandgrewcold，shedidnotspeakagain。
Shehadtoldmeoverandoverhowmuchourlongfriendshipandassociationhadmeanttoher，andthecomfortIhadgivenher。ButwhateverImayhavebeentoher，itwasasnothingcomparedwithwhatshewastome。Kneelingclosetoherasshepassedaway，IknewthatIwouldhavegivenheradozenliveshadIhadthem，andenduredathousandtimesmorehardshipthanwehadbornetogether，fortheinspirationofhercompanionshipandthejoyofheraffection。TheywerethegreatestblessingsIhavehadinallmylife，andIcherishasmydearesttreas—
urethevolumeofherHistoryofWomanSuffrageonthefly—leafofwhichshehadwrittenthisin—
scription：
REVERENDANNAHOWARDSHAW：
ThishugevolumeIVIpresenttoyouwiththelovethatamotherbeareth，andIhopeyouwillfindinitthefactsaboutwomen，foryouwillfindthemnowhereelse。Yourpartwillbetoseethatthefourvolumesaredulyplacedinthelibrariesofthecountry，whereeverystudentofhistorymayhaveaccesstothem。
Withunboundedloveandfaith，SUSANB。ANTHONY。
Thatfinallineisstillmygreatestcomfort。WhenIammisrepresentedormisunderstood，whenIamaccusedofpersonalambitionorofworkingforper—
sonalends，Iturntoitandtosimilarlinespennedbythesamehand，andtellmyselfthatIshouldnotallowanythingtointerferewiththeserenityofmyspiritortodisturbmeinmywork。Attheendofeighteenyearsofthemostintimatecompanionship，theleaderofourCause，thegreatestwomanIhaveeverknown，stillfeltforme``unboundedloveandfaith。’’Havinghadthat，Ihavehadenough。
Fortwodaysafter``AuntSusan’s’’deathshelayinherownhome，asifinrestfulslumber，herfacewearingitsmostexquisitelookofpeacefulserenity；
andhereherspecialfriends，thepoorandtheunfor—
tunateofthecity，camebyhundredstopaytheirlastrespects。Onthethirddaytherewasapublicfuneral，heldintheCongregationalchurch，and，thoughawildblizzardwasraging，everyoneinRochesterseemedincludedinthegreatthrongofmournerswhocametoherbierinreverenceandleftitintears。Thechurchserviceswereconductedbythepastor，theRev。C。C。Albertson，alifelongfriendofMissAnthony’s，assistedbytheRev。Will—
iamC。Gannett。JamesG。Potter，theMayorofthecity，andDr。RushRhees，presidentofRochesterUniversity，occupiedprominentplacesamongthedistinguishedmourners，andMrs。JeromeJeffries，theheadofacoloredschool，spokeinbehalfofthenegroraceanditsrecognitionofMissAnthony’sservices。Collegeclubs，medicalsocieties，andre—
formgroupswererepresentedbydelegatessentfromdifferentstates，andMissAnnaGordonhadcomeonfromIllinoistorepresenttheWoman’sNationalChristianTemperanceUnion。Mrs。CattdeliveredaeulogyinwhichsheexpressedtheloveandrecognitionoftheorganizedsuffragewomenoftheworldforMissAnthony，astheonetowhomtheyhadalllookedastheirleader。WilliamLloydGarrisonspokeofMissAnthony’sworkwithhisfatherandotheranti—
slaveryleaders，andMrs。JeanBrooksGreenleafspokeinbehalfoftheNewYorkStateSuffrageAssociation。Then，as``AuntSusan’’hadrequested，Imadetheclosingaddress。Shehadaskedmetodothisandtopronouncethebenediction，aswellastosaythefinalwordsathergrave。
Itwasestimatedthatmorethantenthousandpersonswereassembledinandaroundthechurch，andafterthebenedictionthosewhohadbeenpa—
tientlywaitingoutinthestormwerepermittedtopassinsideinsinglefileforalastlookattheirfriend。TheyfoundthecoffincoveredbyalargeAmericanflag，onwhichlayawreathoflaurelandpalms；arounditstoodaguardofhonorcomposedofgirlstudentsofRochesterUniversityintheircollegecapsandgowns。Alldaystudentshadmountedguard，relievingoneanotheratintervals。
Oneverysidetherewereflowersandfloralemblemssentbyvariousorganizations，andjustover``AuntSusan’s’’headfloatedthesilkflaggiventoherbythewomenofColorado。Itcontainedfourgoldstars，representingthefourenfranchisedstates，whiletheotherstarswereinsilver。OnherbreastwaspinnedthejeweledflaggiventoheronhereightiethbirthdaybythewomenofWyoming——thefirstplaceintheworldwhereintheconstitutionofthestatewomenweregivenequalpoliticalrightswithmen。Herethefourstarsrepresentingtheenfranchisedstatesweremadeofdiamonds，theothersofsilverenamel。JustbeforethelidwasfastenedonthecoffinthisflagwasremovedandhandedtoMaryAnthony，whopresentedittome。
FromthatdayIhavewornitoneveryoccasionofimportancetoourCause，andeachtimeastateiswonforwomansuffrageIhaveaddedanewdiamondstar。AtthetimeIwritethis——in1914——therearetwelve。
AsthefuneralprocessionwentthroughthestreetsofRochesteritwasseenthatallthecityflagswereathalf—mast，byorderoftheCityCouncil。Manyhousesweredrapedinblack，andthegriefofthecitizensmanifesteditselfoneveryside。AllthewaytoMountHopeCemeterythesnowwhirledblind—
inglyaroundus，whilethemassesthathadfallencoveredtheearthasfaraswecouldseeafittingwinding—sheetfortheonewhohadgone。Underthefir—treesaroundheropengraveIobeyed``AuntSusan’s’’wishthatIshouldutterthelastwordsspokenoverherbodyasshewaslaidtorest：
``Dearfriend，’’Isaid，``thouhasttarriedwithuslong。Nowthouhastgonetothywell—earnedrest。
WebeseechtheInfiniteSpiritWhohasupheldtheetomakeusworthytofollowinthystepsandtocarryonthywork。Hailandfarewell。’’
XI
THEWIDENINGSUFFRAGESTREAM
InmychaptersonMissAnthonyIbridgedthetwentyyearsbetween1886and1906，omittingmanyofthestirringsuffrageeventsofthatlongperiod，inmydesiretoconcentrateonthosewhichmostvitallyconcernedher。Imustnowretracemystepsalongthewideningsuffragestreamandde—
scribe，consecutivelyatleast，andasfullyastheseincompletereminiscenceswillpermit，otherinci—
dentsthatoccurredonitsbanks。
Ofthesethemostimportantwastheunionin1889ofthetwogreatsuffragesocieties——theAmeri—
canAssociation，ofwhichLucyStonewasthepresi—
dent，andtheNationalAssociation，headedbySusanB。AnthonyandElizabethCadyStanton。AtaconventionheldinWashingtonthesesocietiesweremergedasTheNationalAmericanWomanSuffrageAssociation——thenameourassociationstillbears——
andMrs。Stantonwaselectedpresident。Shewasthennearlyeightyandpastactivework，butshemadeawonderfulpresidingofficeratoursubsequentmeetings，andshewasaspicturesqueasshewasefficient。
MissAnthony，whohadanimmenseadmirationforherandagreatpersonalprideinher，alwaysescortedhertothecapital，and，havingworkedherutmosttomakethemeetingasuccess，invariablygaveMrs。Stantoncreditforallthatwasaccom—
plished。SheoftensaidthatMrs。Stantonwasthebrainsofthenewassociation，whilesheherselfwasmerelyitshandsandfeet；butintruththetwowomenworkedmarvelouslytogether，forMrs。
StantonwasamasterofwordsandcouldwriteandspeaktoperfectionofthethingsSusanB。Anthonysawandfeltbutcouldnotherselfexpress。UsuallyMissAnthonywenttoMrs。Stanton’shouseandtookchargeofitwhileshestimulatedthevenerablepresidenttothewritingofherannualaddress。
Then，atthesubsequentconvention，shewouldlistentothereportwithasmuchdelightandpleasureasifeachwordofithadbeennewtoher。EvenafterMrs。Stanton’sresignationfromthepresidency——
attheend，Ithink，ofthreeyears——andMissAn—
thony’selectionashersuccessor，``AuntSusan’’stillwenttoheroldfriendwheneveranimportantreso—
lutionwastobewritten，andMrs。Stantonloyallydrafteditforher。
Mrs。Stantonwasthemostbrilliantconversa—
tionalistIhaveeverknown；andthebesttalkI
haveheardanywherewasthattowhichIusedtolisteninthehomeofMrs。ElizaWrightOsborne，inAuburn，NewYork，whenMrs。Stanton，SusanB。Anthony，EmilyHowland，ElizabethSmithMiller，IdaHustedHarper，MissMills，andIweregatheredthereforouroccasionalweek—endvisits。
Mrs。Osborneinheritedhersuffragesympathies，forshewasthedaughterofMarthaWright，who，withMrs。StantonandLucretiaMott，calledthefirstsuffrageconventioninSenecaFalls，NewYork。I
mustaddinpassingthatherson，ThomasMottOsborne，whoisdoingsuchadmirableworkinprisonreformatSingSing，hasshownhimselfworthyofthegiftedandhigh—mindedmotherwhogavehimtotheworld。
MostoftheconversationinMrs。Osborne’shomewascontributedbyMrs。StantonandMissAnthony，whiletherestofussat，asitwere，attheirfeet。
Manyhumanandfemininetouchesbrightenedtheloftydiscussionsthatwereconstantlygoingon，andthevariedcharacteristicsofourleaderscroppedupinamusingfashion。Mrs。Stanton，forexample，wasrarelyaccurateingivingfiguresordates，whileMissAnthonywasalwaysveryexactinsuchmatters。
ShefrequentlycorrectedMrs。Stanton’sstatements，andMrs。Stantonusuallytooktheinterruptioninthebestpossiblespirit，promptlyadmittingthat``AuntSusan’’knewbest。OnoneoccasionIre—
call，however，sheheldfasttoheropinionthatshewasrightastothemonthinwhichacertaininci—
denthadoccurred。
``No，Susan，’’sheinsisted，``you’rewrongforonce。Irememberperfectlywhenthathappened，foritwasatthetimeIwasbeginningtoweanHarriet。’’
AuntSusan，thoughsomewhatstaggeredbytheforceofthistestimony，stillmaintainedthatMrs。
Stantonmustbemistaken，whereuponthelatterrepeated，inexasperation，``ItellyouithappenedwhenIwasweaningHarriet。’’Andsheadded，scornfully，``Whateventhaveyougottoreckonfrom？’’
MissAnthonymeeklysubsided。
Mrs。Stantonhadwonderfulblueeyes，whichheldtotheendofherlifeanexpressionofeternalyouth。Duringourconventionssheusuallytookalittlenapintheafternoon，andwhensheawokeherblueeyesalwayshadanexpressionofpleasedandinnocentsurprise，asifsheweregazingontheworldforthefirsttime——theround，unwinking，interestedlookababy’seyeshavewhensomethingattractiveisheldupbeforethem。
Letmegiveinaparagraph，beforeIswingoffintothebypathsthatalwaysallureme，theconsecutivesuffrageeventsofthepastquarterofacentury。
Havingdonethis，IcandwelloneachascasuallyasIchoose，foritispossibletodescribeonlyafewincidentshereandthere；andIshallnotbedepart—
ingfromthestoryofmylife，formylifehadbecomemergedinthesuffragecause。
OfthepreliminarysuffragecampaignsinKansas，madeincompanywith``AuntSusan，’’Ihaveal—
readywritten，anditremainsonlytosaythatdur—
ingthesecondKansascampaignyellowwasadoptedasthesuffragecolor。In1890，’92，and’93weagainworkedinKansasandinSouthDakota，withsuchindefatigableandbrilliantspeakersasMrs。Catt（towhoseeffortsalsowerelargelyduethewinningofColoradoin’93），Mrs。LauraJohnsofKansas，Mrs。JuliaNelson，HenryB。Blackwell，Dr。HelenV。PutnamofDakota，Mrs。EmmaSmithDeVoe，Rev。OlympiaBrowneofWisconsin，andDr。MarySeymourHowellofNewYork。In’94，’95，and’96
specialeffortsweredevotedtoIdaho，Utah，Cali—
fornia，andWashington，andfromthenonourcampaignswerewagedsteadilyintheWesternstates。
TheColoradovictorygaveustwofullsuffragestates，forin1869theTerritoryofWyominghaden—
franchisedwomenunderveryinterestingconditions，notnowgenerallyremembered。Theachievementwasduetotheinfluenceofonewoman，EstherMorris，apioneerwhowasasgoodaneighborasshewasasuffragist。Inthoseearlydays，inhomesfarfromphysiciansandsurgeons，thewomencaredforoneanotherinsickness，andEstherMorris，asithappened，oncetookfullandskilfulchargeofaneighborduringthedifficultbirthofthelatter’schild。Shehaddonethesamethingformanyotherwomen，butthiswoman’shusbandwasespeciallygrateful。HewasalsoamemberoftheLegislature，andhetoldMrs。Morristhatiftherewasanymeasureshewishedputthroughforthewomenoftheterritoryhewouldbegladtointroduceit。
Sheimmediatelytookhimathiswordbyaskinghimtointroduceabillenfranchisingwomen，andhepromptlydidso。
TheLegislaturewasDemocratic，anditpounceduponthemeasureasahugejoke。WiththeamiablepurposeofembarrassingtheGovernoroftheter—
ritory，whowasaRepublicanandhadbeenappointedbythePresident，thememberspassedthebillandputituptohimtoveto。Totheircombinedhorrorandamazement，theyoungGovernordidnothingofthekind。Hehadcome，asithappened，fromSalem，Ohio，oneofthefirsttownsintheUnitedStatesinwhichasuffrageconventionwasheld。
There，asaboy，hehadheardSusanB。Anthonymakeaspeech，andhehadcarriedintotheyearstheimpressionitmadeuponhim。Hesignedthatbill；and，astheLegislaturecouldnotgetatwo—
thirdsvotetokillit，thedisgustedmembershadtomakethebestofthematter。ThefollowingyearaDemocratintroducedabilltorepealthemeasure，butalreadypublicsentimenthadchangedandhewaslaugheddown。AfterthatnofurthereffortwasevermadetotaketheballotawayfromthewomenofWyoming。
Whentheterritoryappliedforstatehood，itwasfearedthatthewoman—suffrageclauseinthecon—
stitutionmightinjureitschanceofadmission，andthewomensentthistelegramtoJosephM。Carey：
``Dropusifyoumust。WecantrustthemenofWyomingtoenfranchiseusafterourterritorybe—
comesastate。’’
Mr。CareydiscussedthistelegramwiththeothermenwhowereurginguponCongresstheadmissionoftheirterritory，andthefollowingreplywentback：
``WemaystayoutoftheUnionahundredyears，butwewillcomeinwithourwomen。’’
Thereisgreatinspirationinthosetwomessages——
andagreatlesson，aswell。
In1894weconductedacampaigninNewYork，whenaneffortwasmadetosecureaclausetoen—
franchisewomeninthenewstateconstitution；andforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofthewoman—suf—
fragemovementmanyoftheinfluentialwomeninthestateandcityofNewYorktookanactivepartinthework。MissAnthonywas，asalways，ourleaderandgreatestinspiration。Mrs。JohnBrooksGreenleafwasstatepresident，andMissMaryAnthonywasthemostactiveworkerintheRoches—
terheadquarters。Mrs。LilyDevereauxBlakehadchargeofthecampaigninNewYorkCity，andMrs。
MariannaChapmanlookedaftertheBrooklynsec—
tion，whileamoststimulatingsignofthetimeswastheorganizationofacommitteeofNewYorkwomenofwealthandsocialinfluence，whoestab—
lishedtheirheadquartersatSherry’s。AmongthesewereMrs。JosephineShawLowell，Mrs。JosephH。
Choate，Dr。MaryPutnamJacobi，Mrs。J。WarrenGoddard，andMrs。RobertAbbe。MissAnthony，theninherseventy—fifthyear，spokeineverycountyofthestatesixtyinall。Ispokeinforty，andMrs。
Catt，asalways，madeasuperbrecord。MissHar—
rietMayMills，agraduateofCornell，andMissMaryG。Hay，didadmirableorganizationworkinthedif—
ferentcounties。Ourdisappointmentoverthere—
sultwasgreatlysoothedbythefactthatonlytwoyearslaterbothIdahoandUtahswungintolineasfullsuffragestates，thoughCalifornia，inwhichwehadlaboredwithequalzeal，waitedfifteenyearslonger。
Amongthesecampaigns，andoverlappingthem，wereourannualconventions——eachofwhichIat—
tendedfrom1888on——andthenationalandinter—
nationalcouncils，toanumberofwhich，also，Ihavegivenpreliminarymention。WhenSusanB。An—
