第13章

类别:其他 作者:Samuel Scolnicov字数:4094更新时间:18/12/17 17:06:17
Andtheonehasbeenprovedbothtobeandnottobe? Yes。 Andthereforeisandisnotinthesamestate? Yes。 Thustheonethatisnothasbeenshowntohavemotionalso,becauseitchangesfrombeingtonot—being? Thatappearstobetrue。 Butsurelyifitisnowhereamongwhatis,asisthefact,sinceitisnot,itcannotchangefromoneplacetoanother? Impossible。 Thenitcannotmovebychangingplace? No。 Norcanitturnonthesamespot,foritnowheretouchesthesame,forthesameis,andthatwhichisnotcannotbereckonedamongthingsthatare? Itcannot。 Thentheone,ifitisnot,cannotturninthatinwhichitisnot? No。 Neithercantheone,whetheritisorisnot,bealteredintootherthanitself,forifitalteredandbecamedifferentfromitself,thenwecouldnotbestillspeakingoftheone,butofsomethingelse? True。 Butiftheoneneithersuffersalteration,norturnsroundinthesameplace,norchangesplace,canitstillbecapableofmotion? Impossible。 Nowthatwhichisunmovedmustsurelybeatrest,andthatwhichisatrestmuststandstill? Certainly。 Thentheonethatisnot,standsstill,andisalsoinmotion? Thatseemstobetrue。 Butifitbeinmotionitmustnecessarilyundergoalteration,foranythingwhichismoved,insofarasitismoved,isnolongerinthesamestate,butinanother? Yes。 Thentheone,beingmoved,isaltered? Yes。 And,further,ifnotmovedinanyway,itwillnotbealteredinanyway? No。 Then,insofarastheonethatisnotismoved,itisaltered,butinsofarasitisnotmoved,itisnotaltered? Right。 Thentheonethatisnotisalteredandisnotaltered? Thatisclear。 Andmustnotthatwhichisalteredbecomeotherthanitpreviouslywas,andloseitsformerstateandbedestroyed;butthatwhichisnotalteredcanneithercomeintobeingnorbedestroyed? Verytrue。 Andtheonethatisnot,beingaltered,becomesandisdestroyed; andnotbeingaltered,neitherbecomesnorisdestroyed;andsotheonethatisnotbecomesandisdestroyed,andneitherbecomesnorisdestroyed? True。 Andnow,letusgobackoncemoretothebeginning,andseewhethertheseorsomeotherconsequenceswillfollow。 Letusdoasyousay。 Ifoneisnot,weaskwhatwillhappeninrespectofone?Thatisthequestion。 Yes。 Donotthewords\"isnot\"signifyabsenceofbeinginthattowhichweapplythem? Justso。 Andwhenwesaythatathingisnot,dowemeanthatitisnotinonewaybutisinanother?ordowemean,absolutely,thatwhatisnothasinnosortorwayorkindparticipationofbeing? Quiteabsolutely。 Then,thatwhichisnotcannotbe,orinanywayparticipateinbeing? Itcannot。 Anddidwenotmeanbybecoming,andbeingdestroyed,theassumptionofbeingandthelossofbeing? Nothingelse。 Andcanthatwhichhasnoparticipationinbeing,eitherassumeorlosebeing? Impossible。 Theonethen,sinceitinnowayis,cannothaveorloseorassumebeinginanyway? True。 Thentheonethatisnot,sinceitinnowaypartakesofbeing,neithernorbecomes? No。 Thenitisnotalteredatall;forifitwereitwouldbecomeandbedestroyed? True。 Butifitbenotaltereditcannotbemoved? Certainlynot。 Norcanwesaythatitstands,ifitisnowhere;forthatwhichstandsmustalwaysbeinoneandthesamespot? Ofcourse。 Thenwemustsaythattheonewhichisnotneverstandsstillandnevermoves? Neither。 Noristhereanyexistingthingwhichcanbeattributedtoit;foriftherehadbeen,itwouldpartakeofbeing? Thatisclear。 Andthereforeneithersmallness,norgreatness,norequality,canbeattributedtoit? No。 Noryetlikenessnordifference,eitherinrelationtoitselfortoothers? Clearlynot。 Well,andifnothingshouldbeattributedtoit,canotherthingsbeattributedtoit? Certainlynot。 Andthereforeotherthingscanneitherbelikeorunlike,thesame,ordifferentinrelationtoit? Theycannot。 Norcanwhatisnot,beanything,orbethisthing,orberelatedtoortheattributeofthisorthatorother,orbepast,present,orfuture。Norcanknowledge,oropinion,orperception,orexpression,orname,oranyotherthingthatis,haveanyconcernwithit? No。 Thentheonethatisnothasnoconditionofanykind? Suchappearstobetheconclusion。 Yetoncemore;ifoneisnot,whatbecomesoftheothers?Letusdeterminethat。 Yes;letusdeterminethat。 Theothersmustsurelybe;forifthey,liketheone,werenot,wecouldnotbenowspeakingofthem。 True。 Buttospeakoftheothersimpliesdifference—theterms\"other\" and\"different\"aresynonymous? True。 Othermeansotherthanother,anddifferent,differentfromthedifferent? Yes。 Then,iftherearetobeothers,thereissomethingthanwhichtheywillbeother? Certainly。 Andwhatcanthatbe?—foriftheoneisnot,theywillnotbeotherthantheone。 Theywillnot。 Thentheywillbeotherthaneachother;fortheonlyremainingalternativeisthattheyareotherthannothing。 True。 Andtheyareeachotherthanoneanother,asbeingpluralandnotsingular;forifoneisnot,theycannotbesingularbuteveryparticleofthemisinfiniteinnumber;andevenifapersontakesthatwhichappearstobethesmallestfraction,this,whichseemedone,inamomentevanescesintomany,asinadream,andfrombeingthesmallestbecomesverygreat,incomparisonwiththefractionsintowhichitissplitup? Verytrue。 Andinsuchparticlestheotherswillbeotherthanoneanother,ifothersare,andtheoneisnot? Exactly。 Andwilltherenotbemanyparticles,eachappearingtobeone,butnotbeingone,ifoneisnot? True。 Anditwouldseemthatnumbercanbepredicatedofthemifeachofthemappearstobeone,thoughitisreallymany? Itcan。 Andtherewillseemtobeoddandevenamongthem,whichwillalsohavenoreality,ifoneisnot? Yes。 Andtherewillappeartobealeastamongthem;andeventhiswillseemlargeandmanifoldincomparisonwiththemanysmallfractionswhicharecontainedinit? Certainly。 Andeachparticlewillbeimaginedtobeequaltothemanyandlittle;foritcouldnothaveappearedtopassfromthegreatertothelesswithouthavingappearedtoarriveatthemiddle;andthuswouldarisetheappearanceofequality。 Yes。 Andhavingneitherbeginning,middle,norend,eachseparateparticleyetappearstohavealimitinrelationtoitselfandother。 Howso? Because,whenapersonconceivesofanyoneoftheseassuch,priortothebeginninganotherbeginningappears,andthereisanotherend,remainingaftertheend,andinthemiddletruermiddleswithinbutsmaller,becausenounitycanbeconceivedofanyofthem,sincetheoneisnot。 Verytrue。 Andsoallbeing,whateverwethinkof,mustbebrokenupintofractions,foraparticlewillhavetobeconceivedofwithoutunity? Certainly。 Andsuchbeingwhenseenindistinctlyandatadistance,appearstobeone;butwhenseennearandwithkeenintellect,everysinglethingappearstobeinfinite,sinceitisdeprivedoftheone,whichisnot? Nothingmorecertain。 Theneachoftheothersmustappeartobeinfiniteandfinite,andoneandmany,ifothersthantheoneexistandnottheone。 Theymust。 Thenwilltheynotappeartobelikeandunlike? Inwhatway? Justasinapicturethingsappeartobeallonetoapersonstandingatadistance,andtobeinthesamestateandalike? True。 Butwhenyouapproachthem,theyappeartobemanyanddifferent; andbecauseoftheappearanceofthedifference,differentinkindfrom,andunlike,themselves? True。 Andsomusttheparticlesappeartobelikeandunlikethemselvesandeachother。 Certainly。 Andmusttheynotbethesameandyetdifferentfromoneanother,andincontactwiththemselves,althoughtheyareseparated,andhavingeverysortofmotion,andeverysortofrest,andbecomingandbeingdestroyed,andinneitherstate,andthelike,allwhichthingsmaybeeasilyenumerated,iftheoneisnotandthemanyare? Mosttrue。 Oncemore,letusgobacktothebeginning,andaskiftheoneisnot,andtheothersoftheoneare,whatwillfollow。 Letusaskthatquestion。 Inthefirstplace,theotherswillnotbeone? Impossible。 Norwilltheybemany;foriftheyweremanyonewouldbecontainedinthem。Butifnooneofthemisone,allofthemarenought,andthereforetheywillnotbemany。 True。 Iftherebenooneintheothers,theothersareneithermanynorone。 Theyarenot。 Nordotheyappeareitherasoneormany。 Whynot? Becausetheothershavenosortormannerorwayofcommunionwithanysortofnot—being,norcananythingwhichisnot,beconnectedwithanyoftheothers;forthatwhichisnothasnoparts。 True。 Noristhereanopinionoranyappearanceofnot—beinginconnectionwiththeothers,norisnot—beingeverinanywayattributedtotheothers。 No。 Thenifoneisnot,theothersneitherare,noranyoftheotherseitherasoneormany;foryoucannotconceivethemanywithouttheone。 Youcannot。 Thenifoneisnot,thereisnoconceptionofcanbeconceivedtobeeitheroneormany? Itwouldseemnot。 Noraslikeorunlike? No。 Norasthesameordifferent,norincontactorseparation,norinanyofthosestateswhichweenumeratedasappearingtobe;—theothersneitherarenorappeartobeanyofthese,ifoneisnot? True。 Thenmaywenotsumuptheargumentinawordandsaytruly:Ifoneisnot,thennothingis? Certainly。 Letthusmuchbesaid;andfurtherletusaffirmwhatseemstobethetruth,that,whetheroneisorisnot,oneandtheothersinrelationtothemselvesandoneanother,allofthem,ineveryway,areandarenot,andappeartobeandappearnottobe。 Mosttrue。