第11章

类别:其他 作者:Samuel Scolnicov字数:3538更新时间:18/12/17 17:06:17
True。 Andistherenotalsoatimeatwhichitassumesbeingandrelinquishesbeing—forhowcanithaveandnothavethesamethingunlessitreceivesandalsogivesitupat;sometime? Impossible。 Andtheassumingofbeingiswhatyouwouldcallbecoming? Ishould。 Andtherelinquishingofbeingyouwouldcalldestruction? Ishould。 Theonethen,aswouldappear,becomesandisdestroyedbytakingandgivingupbeing。 Certainly。 Andbeingoneandmanyandinprocessofbecomingandbeingdestroyed,whenitbecomesoneitceasestobemany,andwhenmany,itceasestobeone? Certainly。 Andasitbecomesoneandmany,mustitnotinevitablyexperienceseparationandaggregation? Inevitably。 Andwheneveritbecomeslikeandunlikeitmustbeassimilatedanddissimilated? Yes。 Andwhenitbecomesgreaterorlessorequalitmustgrowordiminishorbeequalized? True。 Andwhenbeinginmotionitrests,andwhenbeingatrestitchangestomotion,itcansurelybeinnotimeatall? Howcanit? Butthatathingwhichispreviouslyatrestshouldbeafterwardsinmotion,orpreviouslyinmotionandafterwardsatrest,withoutexperiencingchange,isimpossible。 Impossible。 Andsurelytherecannotbeatimeinwhichathingcanbeatonceneitherinmotionnoratrest? Therecannot。 Butneithercanitchangewithoutchanging。 True。 Whenthendoesitchange;foritcannotchangeeitherwhenatrest,orwheninmotion,orwhenintime? Itcannot。 Anddoesthisstrangethinginwhichitisatthetimeofchangingreallyexist? Whatthing? Themoment。Forthemomentseemstoimplyasomethingoutofwhichchangetakesplaceintoeitheroftwostates;forthechangeisnotfromthestateofrestassuch,nor,fromthestateofmotionassuch; butthereisthiscuriousnature,whichwecallthemomentlyingbetweenrestandmotion,notbeinginanytime;andintothisandoutofthiswhatisinmotionchangesintorest,andwhatisatrestintomotion。 Soitappears。 Andtheonethen,sinceitisatrestandalsoinmotion,willchangetoeither,foronlyinthiswaycanitbeinboth。Andinchangingitchangesinamoment,andwhenitischangingitwillbeinnotime,andwillnotthenbeeitherinmotionoratrest。 Itwillnot。 Anditwillbeinthesamecaseinrelationtotheotherchanges,whenitpassesfrombeingintocessationofbeing,orfromnot—beingintobecoming—thenitpassesbetweencertainstatesofmotionandrest,and,neitherisnorisnot,norbecomesnorisdestroyed。 Verytrue。 Andonthesameprinciple,inthepassagefromonetomanyandfrommanytoone,theoneisneitheronenormany,neitherseparatednoraggregated;andinthepassagefromliketounlike,andfromunliketolike,itisneitherlikenorunlike,neitherinastateofassimilationnorofdissimilation;andinthepassagefromsmalltogreatandequalandbackagain,itwillbeneithersmallnorgreat,norequal,norinastateofincrease,ordiminution,orequalization。 True。 Allthese,then,aretheaffectionsoftheone,iftheonehasbeing。 Ofcourse。 Butifoneis,whatwillhappentotheothers—isnotthatalsotobeconsidered? Yes。 Letusshowthen,ifoneis,whatwillbetheaffectionsoftheothersthantheone。 Letusdoso。 Inasmuchastherearethingsotherthantheone,theothersarenottheone;foriftheyweretheycouldnotbeotherthantheone。 Verytrue。 Verytrue。 Noraretheothersaltogetherwithouttheone,butinacertainwaytheyparticipateintheone。 Inwhatway? Becausetheothersareotherthantheoneinasmuchastheyhaveparts;foriftheyhadnopartstheywouldbesimplyone。 Right。 Andparts,asweaffirm,haverelationtoawhole? Sowesay。 Andawholemustnecessarilybeonemadeupofmany;andthepartswillbepartsoftheone,foreachofthepartsisnotapartofmany,butofawhole。 Howdoyoumean? Ifanythingwereapartofmany,beingitselfoneofthem,itwillsurelybeapartofitself,whichisimpossible,anditwillbeapartofeachoneoftheotherparts,ifofall;forifnotapartofsomeone,itwillbeapartofalltheothersbutthisone,andthuswillnotbeapartofeachone;andifnotapartofeach,oneitwillnotbeapartofanyoneofthemany;andnotbeingapartofanyone,itcannotbeapartoranythingelseofallthosethingsofnoneofwhichitisanything。 Clearlynot。 Thenthepartisnotapartofthemany,norofall,butisofacertainsingleform,whichwecallawhole,beingoneperfectunityframedoutofall—ofthisthepartwillbeapart。 Certainly。 If,then,theothershaveparts,theywillparticipateinthewholeandintheone。 True。 Thentheothersthantheonemustbeoneperfectwhole,havingparts。 Certainly。 Andthesameargumentholdsofeachpart,forthepartmustparticipateintheone;forifeachofthepartsisapart,thismeans,Isuppose,thatitisoneseparatefromtherestandself—related;otherwiseitisnoteach。 True。 Butwhenwespeakofthepartparticipatingintheone,itmustclearlybeotherthanone;forifnot,itwouldmerelyhaveparticipated,butwouldhavebeenone;whereasonlytheitselfcanbeone。 Verytrue。 Boththewholeandthepartmustparticipateintheone;forthewholewillbeonewhole,ofwhichthepartswillbeparts;andeachpartwillbeonepartofthewholewhichisthewholeofthepart。 True。 Andwillnotthethingswhichparticipateintheone,beotherthanit? Ofcourse。 Andthethingswhichareotherthantheonewillbemany;forifthethingswhichareotherthantheonewereneitheronenormorethanone,theywouldbenothing。 True。 But,seeingthatthethingswhichparticipateintheoneasapart,andintheoneasawhole,aremorethanone,mustnotthoseverythingswhichparticipateintheonebeinfiniteinnumber? Howso? Letuslookatthematterthus:—Isitnotafactthatinpartakingoftheonetheyarenotone,anddonotpartakeoftheoneattheverytime。whentheyarepartakingofit? Clearly。 Theydosothenasmultitudesinwhichtheoneisnotpresent? Verytrue。 Andifweweretoabstractfromtheminideatheverysmallestfraction,mustnotthatleastfraction,ifitdoesnotpartakeoftheone,beamultitudeandnotone? Itmust。 Andifwecontinuetolookattheothersideoftheirnature,regardedsimply,andinitself,willnotthey,asfarasweseethem,beunlimitedinnumber? Certainly。 Andyet,wheneachseveralpartbecomesapart,thenthepartshavealimitinrelationtothewholeandtoeachother,andthewholeinrelationtotheparts。 Justso。 Theresulttotheothersthantheoneisthatofthemselvesandtheoneappearstocreateanewelementinthemwhichgivestothemlimitationinrelationtooneanother;whereasintheirownnaturetheyhavenolimit。 Thatisclear。 Thentheothersthantheone,bothaswholeandparts,areinfinite,andalsopartakeoflimit。 Certainly。 Thentheyarebothlikeandunlikeoneanotherandthemselves。 Howisthat? Inasmuchastheyareunlimitedintheirownnature,theyareallaffectedinthesameway。 True。 Andinasmuchastheyallpartakeoflimit,theyareallaffectedinthesameway。 Ofcourse。 Butinasmuchastheirstateisbothlimitedandunlimited,theyareaffectedinoppositeways。 Yes。 Andoppositesarethemostunlikeofthings。 Certainly。 Considered,then,inregardtoeitheroneoftheiraffections,theywillbelikethemselvesandoneanother;consideredinreferencetobothofthemtogether,mostopposedandmostunlike。 Thatappearstobetrue。 Thentheothersarebothlikeandunlikethemselvesandoneanother? True。 Andtheyarethesameandalsodifferentfromoneanother,andinmotionandatrest,andexperienceeverysortofoppositeaffection,asmaybeprovedwithoutdifficultyofthem,sincetheyhavebeenshowntohaveexperiencedtheaffectionsaforesaid? True。 Suppose,now,thatweleavethefurtherdiscussionofthesemattersasevident,andconsideragainuponthehypothesisthattheoneis,whetheroppositeofallthisisorisnotequallytrueoftheothers。 Byallmeans。 Thenletusbeginagain,andask,Ifoneis,whatmustbetheaffectionsoftheothers? Letusaskthatquestion。 Mustnottheonebedistinctfromtheothers,andtheothersfromtheone? Whyso? Why,becausethereisnothingelsebesidethemwhichisdistinctfrombothofthem;fortheexpression\"oneandtheothers\"includesallthings。