第9章

类别:其他 作者:Samuel Scolnicov字数:3578更新时间:18/12/17 17:06:17
Theonewasshowntobeinitselfwhichwasawhole? True。 Andalsoinotherthings? Yes。 Insofarasitisinotherthingsitwouldtouchotherthings,butinsofarasitisinitselfitwouldbedebarredfromtouchingthem,andwouldtouchitselfonly。 Clearly。 Thentheinferenceisthatitwouldtouchboth? Itwould。 Butwhatdoyousaytoanewpointofview?Mustnotthatwhichistotouchanotherbenexttothatwhichitistotouch,andoccupytheplacenearesttothatinwhichwhatittouchesissituated? True。 Thentheone,ifitistotouchitself,oughttobesituatednexttoitself,andoccupytheplacenexttothatinwhichitselfis? Itought。 Andthatwouldrequirethattheoneshouldbetwo,andbeintwoplacesatonce,andthis,whileitisone,willneverhappen。 No。 Thentheonecannottouchitselfanymorethanitcanbetwo? Itcannot。 Neithercanittouchothers。 Whynot? Thereasonis,thatwhateveristotouchanothermustbeinseparationfrom,andnextto,thatwhichitistotouch,andnothirdthingcanbebetweenthem。 True。 Twothings,then,attheleastatenecessarytomakecontactpossible? Theyare。 Andiftothetwoathirdbeaddedindueorder,thenumberoftermswillbethree,andthecontactstwo? Yes。 Andeveryadditionaltermmakesoneadditionalcontact,whenceitfollowsthatthecontactsareonelessinnumberthantheterms;thefirsttwotermsexceededthenumberofcontactsbyone,andthewholenumberoftermsexceedsthewholenumberofcontactsbyoneinlikemanner;andforeveryonewhichisafterwardsaddedtothenumberofterms,onecontactisaddedtothecontacts。 True。 Whateveristhewholenumberofthings,thecontactswillbealwaysoneless。 True。 Butiftherebeonlyone,andnottwo,therewillbenocontact? Howcantherebe? Anddowenotsaythattheothersbeingotherthantheonearenotoneandhavenopartintheone? True。 Thentheyhavenonumber,iftheyhavenooneinthem? Ofcoursenot。 Thentheothersareneitheronenortwo,noraretheycalledbythenameofanynumber? No。 One,then,aloneisone,andtwodonotexist? Clearlynot。 Andiftherearenottwo,thereisnocontact? Thereisnot。 Thenneitherdoestheonetouchtheothers,northeotherstheone,ifthereisnocontact? Certainlynot。 Forallwhichreasonstheonetouchesanddoesnottouchitselfandtheothers? True。 Further—istheoneequalandunequaltoitselfandothers? Howdoyoumean? Iftheoneweregreaterorlessthantheothers,ortheothersgreaterorlessthantheone,theywouldnotbegreaterorlessthaneachotherinvirtueoftheirbeingtheoneandtheothers;but,ifinadditiontotheirbeingwhattheyaretheyhadequality,theywouldbeequaltooneanother,oriftheonehadsmallnessandtheothersgreatness,ortheonehadgreatnessandtheotherssmallness—whicheverkindhadgreatnesswouldbegreater,andwhicheverhadsmallnesswouldbesmaller? Certainly。 Thentherearetwosuchideasasgreatnessandsmallness;foriftheywerenottheycouldnotbeopposedtoeachotherandbepresentinthatwhichis。 Howcouldthey? If,then,smallnessispresentintheoneitwillbepresenteitherinthewholeorinapartofthewhole? Certainly。 Supposethefirst;itwillbeeitherco—equalandco—extensivewiththewholeone,orwillcontaintheone? Clearly。 Ifitbeco—extensivewiththeoneitwillbecoequalwiththeone,orifcontainingtheoneitwillbegreaterthantheone? Ofcourse。 Butcansmallnessbeequaltoanythingorgreaterthananything,andhavethefunctionsofgreatnessandequalityandnotitsownfunctions? Impossible。 Thensmallnesscannotbeinthewholeofone,but,ifatall,inapartonly? Yes。 Andsurelynotinallofapart,forthenthedifficultyofthewholewillrecur;itwillbeequaltoorgreaterthananypartinwhichitis。 Certainly。 Thensmallnesswillnotbeinanything,whetherinawholeorinapart;norwilltherebeanythingsmallbutactualsmallness。 True。 Neitherwillgreatnessbeintheone,forifgreatnessbeinanythingtherewillbesomethinggreaterotherandbesidesgreatnessitself,namely,thatinwhichgreatnessis;andthistoowhenthesmallitselfisnotthere,whichtheone,ifitisgreat,mustexceed; this,however,isimpossible,seeingthatsmallnessiswhollyabsent。 True。 Butabsolutegreatnessisonlygreaterthanabsolutesmallness,andsmallnessisonlysmallerthanabsolutegreatness。 Verytrue。 Thenotherthingsnotgreaterorlessthantheone,iftheyhaveneithergreatnessnorsmallness;norhavegreatnessorsmallnessanypowerofexceedingorbeingexceededinrelationtotheone,butonlyinrelationtooneanother;norwilltheonebegreaterorlessthanthemorothers,ifithasneithergreatnessnorsmallness。 Clearlynot。 Theniftheoneisneithergreaternorlessthantheothers,itcannoteitherexceedorbeexceededbythem? Certainlynot。 Andthatwhichneitherexceedsnorisexceeded,mustbeonanequality;andbeingonanequality,mustbeequal。 Ofcourse。 Andthiswillbetruealsooftherelationoftheonetoitself; havingneithergreatnessnorsmallnessinitself,itwillneitherexceednorbeexceededbyitself,butwillbeonanequalitywithandequaltoitself。 Certainly。 Thentheonewillbeequaltobothitselfandtheothers? Clearlyso。 Andyettheone,beingitselfinitself,willalsosurroundandbewithoutitself;and,ascontainingitself,willbegreaterthanitself;and,ascontainedinitself,willbeless;andwillthusbegreaterandlessthanitself。 Itwill。 Nowtherecannotpossiblybeanythingwhichisnotincludedintheoneandtheothers? Ofcoursenot。 But,surely,thatwhichismustalwaysbesomewhere? Yes。 Butthatwhichisinanythingwillbeless,andthatinwhichitiswillbegreater;innootherwaycanonethingbeinanother。 True。 Andsincethereisnothingotherorbesidestheoneandtheothers,andtheymustbeinsomething,musttheynotbeinoneanother,theoneintheothersandtheothersintheone,iftheyaretobeanywhere? Thatisclear。 Butinasmuchastheoneisintheothers,theotherswillbegreaterthantheone,becausetheycontaintheone,whichwillbelessthantheothers,becauseitiscontainedinthem;andinasmuchastheothersareintheone,theoneonthesameprinciplewillbegreaterthantheothers,andtheotherslessthantheone。 True。 Theone,then,willbeequaltoandgreaterandlessthanitselfandtheothers? Clearly。 Andifitbegreaterandlessandequal,itwillbeofequalandmoreandlessmeasuresordivisionsthanitselfandtheothers,andifofmeasures,alsoofparts? Ofcourse。 Andifofequalandmoreandlessmeasuresordivisions,itwillbeinnumbermoreorlessthanitselfandtheothers,andlikewiseequalinnumbertoitselfandtotheothers? Howisthat? Itwillbeofmoremeasuresthanthosethingswhichitexceeds,andofasmanypartsasmeasures;andsowiththattowhichitisequal,andthatthanwhichitisless。 True。 Andbeinggreaterandlessthanitself,andequaltoitself,itwillbeofequalmeasureswithitselfandofmoreandfewermeasuresthanitself;andifofmeasuresthenalsoofparts? Itwill。 Andbeingofequalpartswithitself,itwillbenumericallyequaltoitself;andbeingofmoreparts,more,andbeingofless,lessthanitself? Certainly。 Andthesamewillholdofitsrelationtootherthings;inasmuchasitisgreaterthanthem,itwillbemoreinnumberthanthem;andinasmuchasitissmaller,itwillbelessinnumber;andinasmuchasitisequalinsizetootherthings,itwillbeequaltotheminnumber。 Certainly。 Oncemorethen,aswouldappear,theonewillbeinnumberbothequaltoandmoreandlessthanbothitselfandallotherthings。 Itwill。 Doestheonealsopartakeoftime?Andisitanddoesitbecomeolderandyoungerthanitselfandothers,andagain,neitheryoungernorolderthanitselfandothers,byvirtueofparticipationintime? Howdoyoumean? Ifoneis,beingmustbepredicatedofit? Yes。 Buttobe(einai)isonlyparticipationofbeinginpresenttime,andtohavebeenistheparticipationofbeingatapasttime,andtobeabouttobeistheparticipationofbeingatafuturetime? Verytrue。 Thentheone,sinceitpartakesofbeing,partakesoftime? Certainly。 Andisnottimealwaysmovingforward? Yes。 Thentheoneisalwaysbecomingolderthanitself,sinceitmovesforwardintime? Certainly。