第5章

类别:其他 作者:Samuel Scolnicov字数:2663更新时间:18/12/17 17:06:17
Impossible。 Butthen,thatwhichcontainsmustbeotherthanthatwhichiscontained?forthesamewholecannotdoandsufferbothatonce;andifso,onewillbenolongerone,buttwo? True。 Thenonecannotbeanywhere,eitherinitselforinanother? No。 Furtherconsider,whetherthatwhichisofsuchanaturecanhaveeitherrestormotion。 Whynot? Why,becausetheone,ifitweremoved,wouldbeeithermovedinplaceorchangedinnature;forthesearetheonlykindsofmotion。 Yes。 Andtheone,whenitchangesandceasestobeitself,cannotbeanylongerone。 Itcannot。 Itcannotthereforeexperiencethesortofmotionwhichischangeofnature? Clearlynot。 Thencanthemotionoftheonebeinplace? Perhaps。 Butiftheonemovedinplace,mustitnoteithermoveroundandroundinthesameplace,orfromoneplacetoanother? Itmust。 Andthatwhichmovesinacirclemustrestuponacentre;andthatwhichgoesrounduponacentremusthavepartswhicharedifferentfromthecentre;butthatwhichhasnocentreandnopartscannotpossiblybecarriedrounduponacentre? Impossible。 Butperhapsthemotionoftheoneconsistsinchangeofplace? Perhapsso,ifitmovesatall。 Andhavewenotalreadyshownthatitcannotbeinanything? Yes。 Thenitscomingintobeinginanythingisstillmoreimpossible; isitnot? Idonotseewhy。 Why,becauseanythingwhichcomesintobeinginanything,canneitherasyetbeinthatotherthingwhilestillcomingintobeing,norbealtogetheroutofit,ifalreadycomingintobeinginit。 Certainlynot。 Andthereforewhatevercomesintobeinginanothermusthaveparts,andthenonepartmaybein,andanotherpartoutofthatother;butthatwhichhasnopartscanneverbeatoneandthesametimeneitherwhollywithinnorwhollywithoutanything。 True。 Andistherenotastillgreaterimpossibilityinthatwhichhasnoparts,andisnotawhole,comingintobeinganywhere,sinceitcannotcomeintobeingeitherasapartorasawhole? Clearly。 Thenitdoesnotchangeplacebyrevolvinginthesamespot,notbygoingsomewhereandcomingintobeinginsomething;noragain,bychangeinitself? Verytrue。 Theninrespectofanykindofmotiontheoneisimmoveable? Immoveable。 Butneithercantheonebeinanything,asweaffirm。 Yes,wesaidso。 Thenitisneverinthesame? Whynot? Becauseifitwereinthesameitwouldbeinsomething。 Certainly。 Andwesaidthatitcouldnotbeinitself,andcouldnotbeinother? True。 Thenoneisneverinthesameplace? Itwouldseemnot。 Butthatwhichisneverinthesameplaceisneverquietoratrest? Never。 Onethen,aswouldseem,isneitherrestnorinmotion? Itcertainlyappearsso。 Neitherwillitbethesamewithitselforother;noragain,otherthanitselforother。 Howisthat? Ifotherthanitselfitwouldbeotherthanone,andwouldnotbeone。 True。 Andifthesamewithother,itwouldbethatother,andnotitself;sothatuponthissuppositiontoo,itwouldnothavethenatureofone,butwouldbeotherthanone? Itwould。 Thenitwillnotbethesamewithother,orotherthanitself? Itwillnot。 Neitherwillitbeotherthanother,whileitremainsone;fornotone,butonlyother,canbeotherthanother,andnothingelse。 True。 Thennotbyvirtueofbeingonewillitbeother? Certainlynot。 Butifnotbyvirtueofbeingone,notbyvirtueofitself;andifnotbyvirtueofitself,notitself,anditselfnotbeingotheratall,willnotbeotherthananything? Right。 Neitherwillonebethesamewithitself。 Hownot? Surelythenatureoftheoneisnotthenatureofthesame。 Whynot? Itisnotwhenanythingbecomesthesamewithanythingthatitbecomesone。 Whatofthat? Anythingwhichbecomesthesamewiththemany,necessarilybecomesmanyandnotone。 True。 But,iftherewerenodifferencebetweentheoneandthesame,whenathingbecamethesame,itwouldalwaysbecomeone;andwhenitbecameone,thesame? Certainly。 And,therefore,ifonebethesamewithitself,itisnotonewithitself,andwillthereforebeoneandalsonotone。 Surelythatisimpossible。 Andthereforetheonecanneitherbeotherthanother,northesamewithitself。 Impossible。 Andthustheonecanneitherbethesame,norother,eitherinrelationtoitselforother? No。 Neitherwilltheonebelikeanythingorunlikeitselforother。 Whynot? Becauselikenessissamenessofaffections。 Yes。 Andsamenesshasbeenshowntobeofanaturedistinctfromoneness? Thathasbeenshown。 Butiftheonehadanyotheraffectionthanthatofbeingone,itwouldbeaffectedinsuchawayastobemorethanone;whichisimpossible。 True。 Thentheonecanneverbesoaffectedastobethesameeitherwithanotherorwithitself? Clearlynot。 Thenitcannotbelikeanother,orlikeitself? No。 Norcanitbeaffectedsoastobeother,forthenitwouldbeaffectedinsuchawayastobemorethanone。 Itwould。 Thatwhichisaffectedotherwisethanitselforanother,willbeunlikeitselforanother,forsamenessofaffectionsislikeness。 True。 Buttheone,asappears,neverbeingaffectedotherwise,isneverunlikeitselforother? Never。 Thentheonewillneverbeeitherlikeorunlikeitselforother? Plainlynot。 Again,beingofthisnature,itcanneitherbeequalnorunequaleithertoitselfortoother。 Howisthat? Why,becausetheoneifequalmustbeofthesamemeasuresasthattowhichitisequal。 True。 Andifgreaterorlessthanthingswhicharecommensurablewithit,theonewillhavemoremeasuresthanthatwhichisless,andfewerthanthatwhichisgreater? Yes。 Andsoofthingswhicharenotcommensuratewithit,theonewillhavegreatermeasuresthanthatwhichislessandsmallerthanthatwhichisgreater。 Certainly。 Buthowcanthatwhichdoesnotpartakeofsameness,haveeitherthesamemeasuresorhaveanythingelsethesame? Impossible。 Andnothavingthesamemeasures,theonecannotbeequaleitherwithitselforwithanother? Itappearsso。 Butagain,whetherithavefewerormoremeasures,itwillhaveasmanypartsasithasmeasures;andthusagaintheonewillbenolongeronebutwillhaveasmanypartsasmeasures。 Right。 Andifitwereofonemeasure,itwouldbeequaltothatmeasure; yetithasbeenshowntobeincapableofequality。