12.Infractureswemustattendtothelength，breadth，thickness，andnumberofthecompresses.Thelengthshouldbethatofthebandaging;thebreadth，threeorfourfingers;thickness，threeorfourfold;numbersoastoencirclethelimb，neithermorenorless;
thoseappliedforthepurposeofrectifyingadeformity，shouldbeofsuchalengthastoencircleit;thebreadthandthicknessbeingdeterminedbythevacuity，whichisnottobefilledupatonce.Theupperbandagesaretwo，thefirstofwhichistobecarriedfromtheseatoftheinjuryupwards，andthesecondfromtheseatoftheinjurydownwards，andfrombelowupwards;thepartsabouttheseatoftheinjurybeingmostcompressed，theextremitiesleast，andtherestinproportion.Theupperbandagesshouldtakeinaconsiderableportionofthesoundparts.Wemustattendtothenumber，length，andbreadthofthebandages;thenumbermustbesuchasnottobeinferiortowhattheinjuryrequires，noroccasioncompressionwiththesplints，norprovecumbersome，noroccasionanyslippingofthem，norrendertheminefficient.Astolengthandbreadth，theyshouldbethree，four，five，orsixcubitsinlength，andasmanyfingersbroad.Thefoldsofthestrings（selvages？）shouldbesuchasnottooccasionpressure;theyaretobesoftandnotthick;andallthesethingsaretobeproportionatetothelength，breadth，andthicknessofthepartaffected.Thesplintsaretobesmooth，even，androundedattheextremities;somewhatlessallalongthantheupperbandaging，andthickestattheparttowhichfractureinclines.
Thosepartswheretherearetuberosities，andwhicharedevoidofflesh，suchastheanklesorfingers，wemustguardfromthesplintswhichareplacedoverthem，eitherbyposition，orbytheirshortness.
Theyaretobesecuredbythestringsinsuchamannerasnottooccasionpressureatfirst.Asoft，consistent，andcleancerateshouldberubbedintothefoldsofthebandage.
13.Astothetemperatureandquantityofthewaterused，itsheatshouldbejustsuchasthehandcanbear，anditoughttobeknownthatalargequantityisbestforproducingrelaxationandattenuation，whereasamoderatequantityisbestforincarnatingandsoftening.Thelimittotheaffusionis，tostopwhenthepartsbecomeswelledup，andbeforetheswellingsubsides;forthepartsswellupatfirst，andfallafterward.
14.Theobjectonwhichto（thelimb？）islaidshouldbesoft，smooth，andslopingupwardstowardtheprotuberantpartsofthebody，suchastheheelorhips，sothattheremaybenoprojection，norbendinginwards，norturningaside.Thecanal（spoutorgutter？）
shouldrathercomprehendthewholelimbthanthehalfofit，attentionbeingpaidtotheinjuryandtowhateverelseappearstocreateinconvenience.
15.Thepresentationoftheinjuredparttothephysician，theextension，thearrangement，andsoforth，aretoberegulatedaccordingtonature.Whatisnatureintheseoperationsistobedeterminedbytheaccomplishmentoftheobjectwhichwehaveinview，andforthispurposewemustlooktothepartinthestateofrest，initsmiddlestate，andtohabit;inregardtothestateofrestandrelaxation，asinthearm，thatitbeinalinewiththehand;andwithregardtothemediumbetweenflexionandextension，thattheforearmbeatrightanglestothearm;andwithregardtohabit，itshouldbeconsideredthatsomelimbsbearcertainpositionspreferably，as，forexample，thethighsextension;forinsuchattitudesthepartscanbestbeartobeplacedforaconsiderabletimewithoutachangeofposture.Andinthechangefromthestateofdistention，themuscles，veins，nerves，andbones，whenproperlyarrangedandsecured，willpreservetheirrelationstooneanotherwhilethelimbisraisedorplaced.
16.Theextensionshouldbemostpowerfulwhenthelargestandthickestbones，orwhenbotharebroken;nextwhentheunder—bone，andleastofall，whentheupper.Whenimmoderate，itisinjurious，exceptinthecaseofchildren.Thelimbshouldbealittleelevated.Themodelbywhichwejudgeifthepartbeproperlysetisthesoundpartofthesamename，orthepartwhichisitspair.
17.Frictioncanrelax，brace，incarnate，attenuate：hardbraces，softrelaxes，muchattenuates，andmoderatethickens.
