Todescendabruptlyfromthesublime，toveryneartheridiculous，-Ihadneedlastsummerofaboytogowithaladyonatrapandhelpaboutthestable。SoIappliedtoafriend\'scoachman，ahard-workingEnglishman，whowasdelightedtogettheplaceforhisnephew-anAmerican-bornboy-thechildofasister，ingreatneed。Astheboy\'sclotheswerehardlypresentable，asimpleliverywasmadeforhim；fromthatmomenthepined，andfinallyannouncedhewasgoingtoleave。Inanswertomysurprisedinquiries，Idiscoveredthatafriendofhisfromthesametenement-houseinwhichhehadlivedinNewYorkhadappearedinthevillage，andsoonerthanbeseeninliverybyhisplay-fellowhepreferredabandoninghisgoodplace，thechanceofbeingofaidtohismother，andlearninganhonorablewaytoearnhisliving。
Remonstranceswereinvain；tothewrathofhisuncle，hedeparted。
Theboyhad，athisschool，heardsomuchabouteverybodybeingbornequalandeveryAmericanbeingagentlemanbyrightofinheritance，thathehadtakenhimselfseriously，anddespisedapositionhisunclewasproudtohold，preferringelegantleisureinhisnativetenement-housetothehumiliationofalivery。
WhenatcollegeIhadroomsinaneatcottageownedbyanAmericanfamily。Thefatherwasabutcher，aswerehissons。Theonlydaughterwasexceedinglypretty。Thehard-workedmotherconceivedhighhopesforthisfavoritechild。Shewassenttoaboarding-
school，fromwhichshereturnedentirelyunsettledforlife，havinglearnedlittleexcepttobeashamedofherparentsandtoplayonthepiano。Oneoftheseinstrumentsoftorturewasbought，andaroomfittedupasaparlorforthedaughter\'suse。Asthefamilywerefairlywell-to-do，shewasallowedtodressoutofallkeepingwithherparents\'position，and，eggedonbyhermother，triedherbesttomarryarich\"student。\"Failinginthis，shebecamediscontented，unhappy，andfinallytherewasascandal，thispoorvictimofafalseambitiongoingtoswellthevasttideofacity\'svice。Withasensibleeducation，basedontheideathatherfather\'stradewashonorableandthathermissioninlifewastoaidhermotherinthedailyworkuntilshemightmarryandgotoherhusband，preparedbyexperiencetocookhisdinnerandkeephishouseclean，andfinallybringupherchildrentobehonestmenandwomen，thisgirlwouldhavefoundahappyfuturewaitingforher，andhavebeenofsomegoodinherhumbleway。
Itisuselesstomultiplyillustrations。Onehasbuttolookabouthiminthisunsettledcountryofours。Theotherdayinfrontofmydoortheperennialditchwasbeingdugforsomegas-pipeorother。Twoofthegentlemenwhohadconsentedtodothislaborworefrock-coatsandtophats-orwhathadoncebeenthosearticlesofattire-insteadofcomfortableandappropriateoveralls。Why？Because，likethestable-boy，tohavewornanydistinctivedresswouldhavebeenintheirmindstostampthemselvesasbelongingtoaninferiorclass，andsointerferedwiththeirchancesofrepresentingthiscountrylaterattheCourtofSt。James，orpresidingovertheSenate，-positions(tojudgebytheircriticismofthepresentincumbents)theyfeelnodoubtastotheirabilitytofill。
Thesamespiritpervadeseverytrade。Theyouthwhoshavesmeisnotabarber；hehasonlyacceptedthispositionuntilhehastimetodosomethingbetter。Thewaiterwhobringsmemychopatadown-townrestaurantwouldresignhisplaceifhewererequestedtoshavehisflowingmustache，andissecretlystudyinglaw。IloseallpatiencewithmycountrymenasIthinkoverit!Surelywearenotsucharaceofsnobsasnottorecognizethatagoodbarberismoretoberespectedthanapoorlawyer；that，asaFrenchsayinggoes，ILN\'YAPASDESOTMETIER。Itisonlythefoolwhoisashamedofhistrade。
Butenoughofpreaching。Ihadintended-whenItookupmypento-day-towriteonquiteanotherformofthismodernfolly，thiseternalstruggleupwardintocirclesforwhichthestrugglerisfittedneitherbyhisbirthnorhiseducation；theabovewastohavebeenbutaprefacetothematterIhadinmind，viz。，\"socialclimbers，\"thosescourgesofmodernsociety，thepeoplewhomnorebuffswilldiscourageandnocoldshoulderchill，whoseeffortshavedonesomuchtomakeourcountrymenabywordabroad。
Asmanyphilosophersteachthattroubleonlyispositive，happinessbeingmerelyrelative；thatinanycasetroubleisprettyequallydistributedamongthedifferentconditionsofmankind；that，exceptingthedestituteandphysicallyafflicted，allGod\'screatureshaveashareofjoyintheirlives，woulditnotbemorelogical，aswellasmoreconducivetothegeneralgood，ifalittlemoreweredonetomaketheyoungcontentedwiththeirlotinlife，insteadofconstantlysuggestingtoaracealreadypronetobeunsettled，thatnothingshortofthetopisworthyofanAmericancitizen？
CHAPTER26-TheClimberTHATformofmisplacedambition，whichisthesubjectoftheprecedingchapter，canonlyberegardedseriouslywhenitoccursamongsimpleandsincerepeople，who，howeverderided，honestlybelievethattheyaredoingtheirdutytothemselvesandtheirfamilieswhentheymoveheavenandearthtoriseafewstepsintheworld。Themomentwefindambitiontakingapurelysocialform，itbecomesridiculous。Theaimissopaltryincomparisonwiththeeffort，andsooutofproportionwiththeenergy-exertedtoattainit，thatonecanonlylaughandwonder!Unfortunately，signsofthispuerilespirit(peculiartothelastquarterofthenineteenthcentury)canbeseenonallhandsandinalmosteverysociety。
Thatanymanorwomanshouldmakeittheuniqueaimandobjectofexistencetogetintoacertain\"set，\"notfromanyhopeofprofitorbenefit，norfromthebeliefthatitiscomposedofbrilliantandamusingpeople，butsimplybecauseitpassesforbeingexclusiveanddifficultofaccess，doesatfirstseemincredible。
Thathumbleyoungpaintersorsingersshouldlongtoknowpersonallythegreatlightsoftheirprofessions，andshouldstrivetobeacceptedamongthemiseasilyunderstood，sincetheaspirantscanreapbutbenefit，presentandfuture，fromsuchcompanionship。
Thatarisingpoliticianshoulddeemitall-importanttobeonfriendlytermswiththe\"bosses\"isnotastonishing，forthosemagnateshaveitintheirpowertomakeormarhisfortune。ButinaMILIEUasfluctuatingasanysocialcirclemustnecessarilybe，shadingoffonallsidesandchangingasconstantlyaslightonwater，theendcanneverbeconsideredasachievedorthegoalattained。
Neitherdoesanyparticularresultaccompanysuccess，moresubstantialthanthemoralonewhichliesinself-congratulation。
That，however，isenoughforaclimberifsheisbittenwiththe\"ascending\"madness。(Isay\"she，\"becausethisformofambitionismorefrequentamongwomen，althoughbynomeansunknowntothesternersex。)
ItamusesmevastlytositinmycornerandwatchoneoftheseFIN-
DE-SIECLEdiplomatistsworkoutherlittleproblem。Shegenerallycomesplungingintoourcityfromoutside，hotforconquest，makingacquaintancesrightandleft，indiscriminately；thusfallinganeasypreytothewolvesthatprowlaroundtheedgesofsociety，waitingforjustsuchlambstodevour。Herfirstentertainmentsareworthattendingforshehasingeniouslycontrivedtogettogetherallthepeoplesheshouldhaveleftout，andfailedtoattractthesociallightsandpowersofthemoment。Ifshebeaquick-wittedlady，shesoonseestheerrorofherwaysandbeginsaprocessof\"weeding\"-asdifficultasitisunwise，eachrejected\"weed\"instantlybecominganenemyforlife，nottospeakoftheriskshe，inherignorance，runsofmistakingfor\"detrimentals\"
theFINESFLEURSoftheworldlyparterre。Ah!thewayoftheClimberishard；shenowbeginstoseethatherpathisnotstrewnwithflowers。
Onetactfulpersonofthiskind，whosegradual\"unfolding\"waswatchedwithmuchamusementandwonderbyheracquaintances，avoidedalltheseerrorsbygoinginearlyfora\"dearfriend。\"
Having，aftermaturereflection，chosenherguideamongthemostexclusiveoftheyoungmatrons，sheproceededquietlytopayhercourtENREGLE。Flatteringlittlenotes，boxesofcandy，andbunchesofflowerswereamongtheformsherdevotiontook。Asanaturalresult，thesetwoladiesbecameinseparable，andthemosthermeticallysealeddoorsopenedbeforethenewarrival。
Atalentformusicoractingisanotheraid。Afewyearsagoanentirefamilywerefloatedintothedesiredhavenonthewavesofthesister\'svoice，andoneyoungcoupleachievedsuccessbythehusband\'saptitudeforgamesandsports。Inthelattercaseitwasthemanofthefamilywhodidthework，dragginghiswifeupafterhim。Apoloponyishardlyone\'sideaofabattle-horse，butinthiscaseitboreitsriderontosuccess。
Onceclimbershavesucceededininstallingthemselvesinthestrongholdoftheirambitions，theybecomemoreexclusivethantheirnewfriendseverdreamedofbeing，andittriesone\'sself-
restrainttohearthesenewarrivalsdeploring\"thelevellingtendenciesoftheage，\"orwondering\"hownicepeoplecanbebeginningtocallonthosehorridSo-and-Sos。Theirfathersoldshoes，youknow。\"Thisultra-exclusivenessisnottobewonderedat。Theonlyattractionthecircletheyhavejustenteredhasfortheclimbersisitsexclusiveness，andtheydonotintendthatitshallloseitsmarketvalueintheirhands。LikeBaudelaire，theybelievethat\"itisonlythesmallnumbersavedthatmakesthecharmofParadise。\"Havingspenthardcashinthisinvestment，theyhaveeveryintentionofgettingtheirmoney\'sworth。
Inordertogiveoutsidersavividimpressionofthefootingonwhichtheystandwiththegreatoftheworld，allthewomentheyhavejustmetbecomeNellysandJennys，andallthemenDicksandFreds-behindtheirbacks，BIENENTENDU-forMrs。\"Newcome\"hasnotyetreachedthatpointofintimacywhichwarrantsusingsuchabbreviationsdirectlytotheowners。
Anotheramiableweaknesscommontotheclimberisthatofknowingeverybody。NonamecanbementionedathomeorabroadbutParvenuhappenstobeonthemostintimatetermswiththeowner，andwhenheisconversing，greatnamesdropoutofhismouthasplentifullyasdidthepearlsfromtheprettylipsofthegirlinthefairystory。Alltheworldknowshowsuchagentleman，beingaskedonhisreturnfromtheEastifhehadseen\"theDardanelles，\"
answered，\"Oh，dear，yes!Idinedwiththemseveraltimes!\"thussettlingsatisfactorilyhisstandingintheOrient!
Climbing，likeeveryotherhabit，soontakespossessionofthewholenature。Toabstainfromitistorture。Napoleon，wearetold，founditimpossibletorestcontentedonhissuccesses，butwasimpelledonwardbyaforcestrongerthanhisvolition。Insomesuchspirittheambitioussoulsherereferredto，after\"theConquestofAmerica\"andthediscoverythatthefruitoftheirstruggleswasnotworthverymuch，victoryhavingbroughttheinevitablesatietyinitswake，sailawayinsearchofnewfieldsofadventure。Theyhavelongagoleftbehindthefriendsandacquaintancesoftheirchildhood。Relationstheyapparentlyhavenone，whichaccountsforthecuriousphenomenonthataparvenuisneverinmourning。Asnofriendshipsbindthemtotheirnewcircle，thetiesareeasilyloosened。Whyshouldtheycareforonecitymorethanforanother，unlessitoffermoreofthesporttheylove？Thiscontinenthasbecometame，sincethereisnolongeranystruggle，whileovertheseavasthuntinggroundsandgameworthyoftheirpowder，formanirresistibletemptation-oldandexclusivesocietiestobebesieged，andconteststobewagedcomparedtowhichtheirAmericanexperiencesarebutlightskirmishes。Asthepoloponyissupposedtopantforthefray，sotheheartsofsocialconquerorswarmwithinthemattheprospectofmorebrilliantvictories。
Thepleasureoffollowingthemontheirhuntingpartiesabroadwillhavetobedeferred，sovastisthesubject，sofullofthrillingadventureand，alas!alsoofhumiliatingdefeat。
CHAPTER27-TheLastoftheDandiesSOcompletelyhasthedandydisappearedfromamongus，thateventhewordhasanold-timelook(asifithadstrayedoutofsomehalf-forgottennovelor\"keepsake\")，raisinginourmindsthepictureofaslender，clean-shavenyouth，inverytightunmentionablesstrappedunderhisfeet，adarkgreenfrock-coatwithacollaruptotheearsandastockwhosefoldscoverhischest，butter-coloredgloves，andahat-oh!ahatthatwouldcollectacrowdintwominutesinanyneighborhood!Agold-headedstick，andaquizzingglass，withablackribbonaninchwide，completethetoilet。InsucharigdidtheswellsofthelastgenerationstrolldownPallMallordrivetheirtilburysintheBois。
TherecentillnessofthePrincedeSaganhasmadeastrangeandsadimpressioninmanycirclesinParis，forhehasalwaysbeenafavorite，andisthelastsurvivingtypeofanowextinctspecies。
HeisthelastDandy!Nounderstudywillbefoundtofillhisrole-thedudeandtheswellarewholegenerationsawayfromthedandy，ofwhichtheyarebutfeeblereflections-thecomedywillhavetobecontinuednow，withoutitsleadinggentleman。Withhisheadofsilveryhair，hiseye-glassandhiswonderfulwaistcoats，heheldthefirstplaceinthe\"highlife\"oftheFrenchcapital。
Nofirstnightorballwascompletewithouthim，Sagan。Theverymentionofhisnameintheirarticlesmusthavekeptthewolffromthedoorofneedyreporters。NoDEBUTANTE，socialortheatrical，feltsureofhersuccessuntilithadreceivedthehall-markofhisapproval。Whenheassistedatadressrehearsal，theactorsandthemanagerspaidhimmoreattentionthanSarceyorSardou，forhewasknowntobetherealarbiteroftheirfate。Hiswordwaslaw，theworldbowedbeforeitasbeforethewillofanautocrat。
MaturematronsreceivedhisdictateswiththesamereverencethattheOldGuardevincedforNapoleon\'sorders。Hadhenotledthemontovictoryintheiryouth？
Ontheboulevardsoratarace-course，hewastheonepersonalwaysknownbysightandpointedout。\"TheregoesSagan!\"Hehadbecomeaninstitution。Onedoesnotknowexactlyhoworwhyheachievedtheposition，whichmadehimthemostfollowed，flattered，andcopiedmanofhisday。Itcertainlywasunique!
ThePrinceofSaganisdescendedfromMauricedeSaxe(thenaturalsonoftheKingofSaxonyandAuroraofKoenigsmark)，whoinhisdayshonebrilliantlyattheFrenchcourtandwassomadlylovedbyAdrienneLecouvreur。Fromhisgreatancestor，SaganinheritedthetitleofGrandDukeOfCourland(theestateshavebeenabsorbedintoaneighboringempire)。Nevertheless，heisstillanR。H。，andwhencrownedheadsvisitParistheydinewithhimandreceivehimonafootingofequality。Hemarriedagreatfortune，andthedaughterofthebankerSelliere。TheirhouseontheEsplanadedesInvalideshasbeenforyearsthecentreofaristocraticlifeinParis；notthemostexclusivecircle，butcertainlythegayestofthisgaycapital，andfromthedaysofLouisPhilippehehasgiventhekeynotetothefastset。
Oddlyenough，hehasalwaysbeenagreatfavoritewiththelowerclasses(apopularitysharedbyallthefamousdandiesofhistory)。
Thepeopleappeartofindinthemthepersonificationofallaspirationstowardtheelegantandtheideal。Alcibiades，Buckingham，theDucdeRichelieu，LordSeymour，Comted\'Orsay，Brummel，Grammont-Caderousse，sharedthisfavor，andhaveremainedlegendarycharacters，towhomtheirdisdainforeverythingvulgar，theirworshipoftheirownpersons，andmanycostlyfolliesgaveanephemeralempire。Theirpowerwasthemorearbitraryanddespoticinthatitwasonlynominalandundefined，allowingthemtoruleoverthefashions，thetastes，andthepastimesoftheircontemporarieswithundividedsway，makingthemenvied，obeyed，loved，butrarelyoverthrown。
Ithasbeenassertedbysomewritersthatdandiesarenecessaryandusefultoanation(Thackerayadmiredthemandpointedoutthattheyhaveamostdifficultanddelicateroletoplay，hencetheirrarity)，andthatthesebutterflies，asonefindstheminthenovelsofthatday，thedeMarsys，thePelhams，theMaximedeTrailles，areindispensabletotheperfectionofsociety。Itisagreatmisfortunetoacountrytohavenodandies，thosesupremevirtuososoftasteanddistinction。Germany，whichgloriesinMozartandKant，GoetheandHumboldt，thecountryofdeepthinkersandbravesoldiers，neverhadagreatdandy，andsohasremainedbehindEnglandorFranceinallthatconstitutesthegracefulsideoflife，therefinementsofsocialintercourse，andtheartofliving。Francewillperceivetoolate，afterhehasdisappeared，thelossshehassustainedwhenthisPrince，GrandSeigneur，hasceasedtoembellishbyhispresenceherrace-coursesand\"firstnights。\"Areputationlikehiscannotbeimprovisedinamoment，andhehasnopupils。
Neverdidthearistocracyofacountrystandingreaterneedofsucharepresentation，thaninthesedaysoftramcarsand\"fixed-
price\"restaurants。Anentire\"art\"dieswithhim。Ithasbeenwhisperedthathehasnotentirelyjustifiedhisreputation，thattheaccountsofhisexploitsasaHAUTVIVEURhavegainedinthetelling。Neverthelesshedominatedanepoch，risingabovethetumultuousandlevellingsocietyofhisday，atardyDonQuixote，oftheknighthoodofpleasures，FETES，lovesandprodigalities，whicharenolongerofourtime。Hisgreatname，hisgrandmanner，hiselderlygraces，hisserenecarelessness，madehimabeingbyhimself。Noonewillsucceedthismasterofdepartedelegances。
Ifhedoesnotrecoverfromhisattack，iftheparalysisdoesnotleavethatpoorbrain，wornoutwithdoingnothing，wecanhonestlysaythatheisthelastofhiskind。
Anoriginalandindependentthinkerhasassertedthatcivilizations，societies，empires，andrepublicsgodowntoposteritytypifiedfortheadmirationofmankind，eachundertheformofsomehero。EmersonwouldhavegivenaplaceinhisPantheontoSagan。Foritishewhosustainedthetraditionsandbecamethetypeofthatdistinguishedandfrivoloussociety，whichjudgedthatseriousthingswereofnoimportance，enthusiasmawasteoftime，literatureabore；thatnothingwasinterestingandworthyofoccupyingtheirattentionexcepttheelegantdistractionsthathelpedtopasstheirdays-andnights!Hehadthemerit(？)inthesedaysofthepracticalandthecommonplace，ofpreservinginhisgraciouspersonallthecharminguselessnessofacourtierinacountrywheretherewasnolongeracourt。
Whatastrangesightitwouldbeifthisdepartingdandycould，beforeheleavesforeverthetheatreofsomanytriumphs，takehisplaceatsomestreetcorner，andreviewtheshadesofthecompanionshislonglifehadthrownhimwith，theendlessprocessionofdepartedbellesandbeaux，who，intheiryouth，had，underhisrule，helpedtodictatethefashionsandleadthesportsofaworld。
CHAPTER28-ANationontheWingONbeingtakentheotherdaythroughalargeandcostlyresidence，withthethoroughnessthatonlytheownerofanewhousehasthecrueltytoinflictonhisvictims，notallowingthemtopassaclosetoranelectricbellwithouthavingitsparticularuseandconvenienceexplained，forcingthemtolookupcoal-slides，anddownair-shaftsandtovisiteverysecretplace，fromthecellartothefire-escape，Inoticedthatapeculiararrangementoftheroomsrepeateditselfoneachfloor，andseveraltimesonafloor。I
remarkedittomyhost。
\"Youobserveit，\"hesaid，withablushofpride，\"itismywife\'sidea!Thetruthis，mydaughtersareofamarryingage，andmysonsstartingoutforthemselves；thishousewillsoonbemuchtoobigfortwooldpeopletoliveinalone。Wehaveplanneditsothatatanytimeitcanbechangedintoanapartmenthouseatanominalexpense。Itisevenwiredandplumbedwiththatendinview!\"
Thisanswerpositivelytookmybreathaway。Ilookedatmyhostinamazement。Itwashardtobelievethatamanpastmiddleage，whoafteryearsofhardesttoilcouldaffordtoputhalfamillionintoahouseforhimselfandhischildren，andstoreitwithbeautifulthings，wouldhavethecouragetolooksofarintothefutureastoseeallhisworkundone，hishometurnedtoanotheruseandhimselfandhiswifeafloatintheworldwithoutaroofovertheirwealthyoldheads。
SurelythiswastheSpiritoftheAgeinitspurestexpression，themorestrikinglysothatheseemedtofeelprideratherthananythingelseinhisingeniouscombination。
Helikedthecityhehadbuiltinwellenoughnow，butnothingprovedtohimthathewouldlikeitlater。HeandhiswifehadlivedintwentycitiessincetheybegantheirbravefightwithFortune，farawayinalittleEasterntown。Theyhadsincechangedtheirabodewitheachascendingrungoftheladderofsuccess，andbeyondafadeddaguerreotypeortwooftheirchildrenandafewmodestpiecesofjewelry，storedawayincotton，itisdoubtfuliftheyownedasingleobjectbelongingtotheirearlylife。
Anothercaseoccurstome。NearthevillagewhereIpassmysummers，therelivedanelderly，childlesscoupleonasplendidestatecombiningeverythingafastidioustastecoulddemand。Onefinemorningthisplacewassold，theimportantlibrarydividedbetweenthevillageandtheirnativecity，thefurnituresoldorgivenaway，-everythingwent；attheendthethingsnoonewantedweremadeintoabon-fireandburned。
Aneighboraskingwhyallthiswasbeingdonewastoldbythelady，\"Weweretiredofitallandhavedecidedtobe\'Bohemians\'fortherestofourlives。\"ThiscouplearenowwanderingaboutEuropeandhalfadozentrunkscontaintheirbelongings。
Theseare，ofcourse，extremecasesandmustbetakenforwhattheyareworth；neverthelesstheyarestrawsshowingwhichwaythewindblows，signsofthetimesthathewhorunsmayread。Idonotrun，butIoftensaunterupourprincipalavenue，andalwaysfindmyselfwonderingwhatwillbethefutureofthesplendidresidencesthatgracethatthoroughfareasitnearsthePark；theascendingtideoftradeisalreadycirclingroundthemandeachyearseesoneormorecrumbleawayanddisappear。
Thefinerbuildingsmayremain，turnedintoclubsorrestaurants，butthegreaterpartoftheneweronesaresoill-adaptedtoanyotherusethanthatforwhichtheyarebuiltthattheirfutureseemsobscure。
Thatfashionwillflitawayfromitspresenthauntstherecanbelittledoubt；thecitybelowtheParkissuretobegivenuptobusiness，andeventhefinefrontageonthatgreenspacewillsoonerorlaterbeoccupiedbyhotels，ifnotstores；andhewhobuildswithanybeliefinthepermanencyofhissurroundingsmustindeedbeofahopefuldisposition。
Agoodladyoccupyingadelightfulcorneronthissameavenue，oppositeaone-storyflorist\'sshop，said:
\"Ishallremainhereuntiltheybuildacrosstheway；thenI
supposeIshallhavetomove。\"
Soafterallthemanwhoiscontentedtoliveinafutureapartmenthouse，maynotbesoveryfarwrong。
Acaseoftheoppositekindisthatofagreatmillionaire，who，dying，lefthishouseanditscollectionstohiseldestsonandhisgrandsonafterhim，ontheconditionthattheyshouldcontinuetoliveinit。
Herewasanattempttokeeptogetherahomewithitsmemoriesandassociations。Whathasbeentheresult？Thestreetthatwasacharmingcentreforresidencestwentyyearsagohasbecomea\"slum；\"theunfortunateheirsfindthemselveswithahouseontheirhandsthattheycannotliveinandareforbiddentorentorsell。
Asafinalresultthewillmustinallprobabilitybebrokenandthematterended。
Ofcoursethereasonforagreatdealofthisisthephenomenalgrowthofourlargercities。Hundredsoffamilieswhowouldgladlyremainintheiroldhomesarefairlypushedoutofthembythegrowthofbusiness。
EverythinghasitslimitsandatimemustcomewhenourcitieswillceasetoexpandorwhencentreswillbeformedasinLondonorParis，wheregenerationsmaysucceedeachotherinthesamehomes。
Sofar，Iseenoindicationsofanysuchcrystallizationinthisourbigcity；weseemtobecondemnedlikethe\"WanderingJew\"orpoorlittle\"Joe\"tobeperpetually\"movingon。\"
AtadinnerofyoungpeoplenotlongagoaFrenchmanvisitingourcountry，expressedhissurpriseonhearingagirlspeakof\"notrememberingthehouseshewasbornin。\"Piquedbyhismannertheyoungladyanswered:
\"Wearetwenty-fouratthistable。Idonotbelievethereisonepersonherelivinginthehouseinwhichheorshewasborn。\"Thisassertionraisedamurmurofdissentaroundthetable；onacensusbeingtakenitproved，however，tobetrue。
Howcanoneexpect，undercircumstanceslikethese，tofindanygreatrespectamongyoungpeopleforhomelifeortheconservativesideofexistence？Theyarebornasitwereonthewing，andonthewingwilltheylive。
Theconditionsoflifeinthiscountry，althoughcontributinglargelytosuchastateofaffairs，mustnotbeheld，however，entirelyresponsible。Underlyingourcivilizationandculture，thereisstillstronginusawildnomadicstraininheritedfromathousandgenerationsofwanderingancestors，whichbreaksoutsosoonasmanisfreedfromtherestraintincumbentonbread-winningforhisfamily。Themomentthereiswealthorevenamodestincomeinsured，comestheinclinationtocutloosefromthedullroutineofbusinessandduty，returninginstinctivelytothemigratoryhabitsofprimitiveman。
Wearenottheonlynationthathasgivenitselfuptoglobe-
trotting；itisstrongintheEnglish，inspiteoftheirconservativeeducation，anditissurprisingtoseethenumberofformerlystay-at-homeFrenchandGermansonemeetswanderinginforeignlands。
In1855，aLondoneradvertisedtheplanhehadconceivedoftakingsomepeopleovertovisittheInternationalExhibitioninParis。
Forafixedsumpaidinadvanceheofferedtoprovideeverythingandactascouriertotheparty，andsucceededwiththegreatestdifficultyingettingtogethertenpeople。Fromthismodestbeginninghasgrownthevastundertakingthatto-daycoverstheglobewithtourists，fromthefrozenseaswherethey\"do\"themidnightsun，tothedesertsthreethousandmilesuptheNile。
AsIwasreturningacoupleofyearsagoVIAViennafromConstantinople，thetrainwasfilledwithapartyofourcompatriotsconductedbyanagencyofthiskind-simplepeopleofsmallmeanswho，twentyyearsago，wouldassoonhavethoughtofleavingtheirhomesforatripintheEastastheywouldofstartingoffinballoonsenroutefortheinter-stellarspaces。
Idoubtedatthetimeastotheamountofinformationandappreciationtheybroughttobearontheirtravels，soItookoccasiontodrawoneofthethin，unsmilingwomenintoconversation，askingherwheretheyintendedstoppingnext。
\"AtBuda-Pesth，\"sheanswered。Isaidinsomeamusement:
\"ButthatwasBuda-Pesthwevisitedsocarefullyyesterday。\"
\"Oh，wasit，\"shereplied，withoutanyvisiblechangeonherface，\"Ithoughtwehadnotgotthereyet。\"Apparentlyitwasenoughforhertobetravelling；therestwasoflittleimportance。Laterintheday，whenaskedifshehadvisitedacertainoldcityinGermany，shetoldmeshehadbutwouldnevergothereagain:\"Theygaveussuchpoorcoffeeatthehotel。\"Againlaterinspeakingtoherhusband，whoseemedatriflevagueastowhetherhehadseenNurembergornot，shesaid:
\"Why，yourememberitverywell；itwasthereyouboughtthoseniceovershoes!\"
Allofwhichleftmewithsomedoubtsinmymindastothecultivatinginfluencesofforeigntravelontheirminds。
Youcannotchangealeopard\'sspots，neithercanyoualterthenatureofarace，andoneofthestrongestcharacteristicsoftheAnglo-Saxon，isthenomadicinstinct。Howoftenonehearspeoplesay:
\"Iamnotgoingtositathomeandtakecareofmyfurniture。I
wanttoseesomethingoftheworldbeforeIamtooold。\"Lately，asprightlymaidenofuncertainyears，justreturnedfromalongtripabroad，wasaskedifsheintendednowtosettledown。
\"Settledown，indeed!I\'mabutterflyandIneverexpecttosettledown。\"
Thereiscertainlyfoodhereforreflection。Whyshouldwebemoreinclinedtowanderthanourneighbors？Perhapsitisinameasureduetoournervous，restlesstemperament，whichisitselftheresultofourclimate；butwhateverthecauseis，inabilitytoremainlonginoneplaceishavingamostunfortunateinfluenceonoursociallife。Wheneveryoneisonthemoveorlongingtobe，itbecomesdifficulttoformanybutthemostsuperficialties；strongfriendshipsbecomeimpossible，themostintimatefamilyrelationsareloosened。
Ifonewereofaspeculativeframeofmindandchosetotakeasthebasisforacalculationtheincreaseintouristsbetween1855，whenthetenpioneersstartedforParis，andthenumber\"personallyconducted\"overlandandseatoday，andthenglanceforwardatwhatthefuturewillbeifthisratioofincreaseismaintainedtheresultwouldbesomethingtooawfulforwords。Foriftenhavebecomeamillioninfortyyears，whatwillbethetotalin1955？
Nothinglessthanentirenationsgivenovertosight-seeing，passingtheirlivesandincomesinrushingaimlesslyabout。
Ifthefacilitiesofcommunicationincreaseastheyundoubtedlywillwiththedemand，theprospectbecomesnearertheideaofa\"WalpurgisNight\"thananythingelse。Fortheearthandtheseawillbecoveredandtheairfilledwitheveryformofwhirling，flying，plungingdevicetogetmenquicklyfromoneplacetoanother。
EveryhumanbeingontheglobewillbeflyingSouthforthecoldmonthsandNorthforthehotseason。
Aspersonallyconductedtourshavebeensosatisfactory，agencieswillbestartedtoleadusthroughallthestagesofexistence。
Parentswillsubscribeonthebirthoftheirchildrentohavethempersonallyconductedthroughlifeandeverythingexplainedasitisdoneatpresentinthegalleriesabroad；food，lodgingandreadingmatter，husbandsandwiveswillbeprovidedbycontract，tobetakenbackandchangedifunsatisfactory，asthebigstoresdowiththeirgoods。Delightfulprospect!Homeswillbecomesuperfluous，parentsandchildrenwillonlymeetwhentheir\"tours\"happentocrosseachother。Ourgreat-grandchildrenwillfloatthroughlifefreedfromeveryresponsibilityandmoreperfectlyindependentthaneventhatdelightfuldreamer，Bellamy，venturedtopredict。
CHAPTER29-HusksAMONGtheProtestantsdrivenfromFrancebythatastuteandliberal-mindedsovereignLouisXIV。，wereacolonyofweavers，whoasalltheworldknows，settledatSpitalfieldsinEngland，wheretheirdescendantsweavesilktothisday。
OntheirarrivalinGreatBritain，beforetheloomscouldbesetupandamarketfoundfortheirindustry，theexileswerereducedtothelastextremityofdestitutionandhunger。Lookingaboutthemforanythingthatcouldbeutilizedforfood，theydiscoveredthattheownersofEnglishslaughter-housesthrewawayasworthless，thetailsofthecattletheykilled。LikeallthepoorinFrance，thesewandererswereexcellentcooks，andknewthatathomesuchcaudalappendageswerehighlyvaluedforthetendernessandflavorofthemeat。TotheamazementanddisgustoftheEnglishvillagersthenewarrivalsproceededtocollectthis\"refuse\"andcarryithomeforfood。AsthefirstprincipleofFrenchculinaryartisthePOT-AU-FEU，thetailsweremostlyconvertedintosoup，onwhichtheexilesthrivedandfeasted。
Theirneighbors，enviousatseeingthedespisedFrenchindulgingdailyinsavorydishes，unknowntoEnglishpalates，andtemptedlike\"Jack\'s\"giantbythesmellof\"freshmeat，\"begantoinquireintothematter，andslowlyrealizedhow，intheirignorance，theyhadbeenthrowingawaysucculentanddelicatefood。Thenewsofthisdiscoverygraduallyspreadingthroughallclasses，\"ox-tail\"
becameandhasremainedthenationalEnglishsoup。
Ifthisveracioustalecouldbetwistedintoametaphor，itwouldservemarvellouslytoillustratethepositionoftheentireAnglo-
Saxonrace，andespeciallythatoftheirAmericandescendantsasregardstheLatinpeoples。Forfoolishprodigalityandreckless，ignorantextravagance，however，weleaveourEnglishcousinsfarbehind。
TwoAmericanhotelscometomymind，asdifferentintheirappearanceandmanagementastheyaregeographicallyasunder。BotharetypesandillustrationsofthewilfulwastethathasrecentlyexcitedMr。IanMaclaren\'scomment，andthewoefulwant(ofgoodfood)thatistheresult。Atone，adrearyshingleconstructiononatreelessisland，offourNewEnglandcoast，wheretheideasofthelandlordandhisguestshaveremainedasunchangedandprimitiveastheislanditself，Ifoundoninquirythatallarticlesoffoodcomingfromthefirsttablewerethrownintothesea；andIhavemyselfseenchickenshardlytouched，roundsofbeef，traysofvegetables，andeveryvarietyofcakeanddesserttossedtothefish。
WhilewewerehavingsoupssothinandtastelessthattheywouldhavemadeaFrenchhouse-wifeblush，theingredientsessentialtoanexcellent\"stock\"werecastaside。Theboarderswerepayingfivedollarsadayandappearedcontented，theplacewaspacked，thelandlordcoiningmoney，soitwasfoolishtoexpectanyimprovement。
Theotherhotel，avastcaravansaryintheSouth，whereafortunehadbeenlavishedinprovidingeverymodernconvenienceandluxury，wasthe\"fad\"ofitswealthyowner。Ihadmanytalkswiththemanagerduringmystay，andcametorealizethatmostofthewastefulnessIsawaroundmewasnothisfault，butthatofthepublic，towhosetastehewasobligedtocater。Atdinner，afterreceivingyourorder，thewaiterwoulddisappearforhalfanhour，andthenbringyourentiremealononetray，theover-cookedmeatsstrandedinlakesofcoagulatedgravy，theentreescoldandtheiceswarm。Hehadgenerallyforgottentwoorthreeessentials，buttosendbackforthemmeanttowaitanotherhalf-hour，ashisotherclientswereclamoringtobeserved。Soyouatewhatwasbeforeyouinsulkydisgust，andgotoutoftheroomasquicklyaspossible。
Afteroneofthesegastronomicraces，beinghungry，flustered，andsufferingfromindigestion，IaskedminehostifithadneveroccurredtohimtoserveaTABLED\'HOTEdinner(incourses)asisdoneabroad，wherehundredsofpeopledineatthesamemoment，eachdishbeingofferedtheminturnaccompaniedbyitsaccessories。
\"Ofcourse，Ihavethoughtofit，\"heanswered。\"ItwouldbethegreatestimprovementthatcouldbeintroducedintoAmericanhotel-
keeping。NooneknowsbetterthanIdohowdisastrousthepresentsystemistoallparties。Takeasanexampleofthepresentway，thedinnerIamgoingtogiveyouto-morrow，inhonorofChristmas。
GlanceoverthisMENU。Youwillseethatitenumerateseverycostlyanddelicatearticleoffoodpossibletoprocureandalonglistofotherdishes，thegreaterpartofwhichwillnotevenbecalledfor。AsnonumberofCHEFScouldpossiblyoverseetheproperpreparationofsuchavarietyofmeatsandsauces，allwillbecarelesslycooked，andasyouknowbyexperience，poorlyserved。
\"Peoplewhoexactuselessvariety，\"headded，\"aresureinsomewaytobethesufferers；intheiranxietytotryeverything，theywillgetnothingwortheating。Yetthatmealwillcostmeconsiderablymorethanmyguestspayfortheirtwenty-fourhours\'boardandlodging。\"
\"Whydoit，youask？Becauseitisthecustom，andbecauseitwillbeanadvertisement。Thesebillsoffarewillbesownbroadcastoverthecountryinletterstofriendsandkeptassouvenirs。If，insteadofallthissenselesssuperfluity，IwereallowedtogiveaTABLED\'HOTEmealto-morrow，withtheCHEFIhave，Icouldprovideanexquisitedinner，perfectineverydetail，servedatlittletablesasdeftlyandsilentlyasinaprivatehouse。Icouldalsodischargehalfofmywaiters，andchargetwodollarsadayinsteadoffivedollars，andthehotelwouldbecome(whatithasneverbeenyet)apayinginvestment，sogreatwouldhethesaving。\"
\"Onlythismorning，\"hecontinued，warmingtohissubject，\"whilestandinginthediningroom，IsawayoungmanorderandthensendawayhalfthedishesontheMENU。Achickenwasbroiledforhimandrejected；asteakandanomelettefarednobetter。Howmuchdoyousupposeahotelgainsfromaguestlikethat？\"
\"ThereasonAmericansputupwithsuchpoorviandsinhotelsis，thathomecookinginthiscountryissorudimentary，consistingprincipallyoffrieddishes，andhotbreads。Solittleisknownabouttheproperpreparationoffoodthattomorrow\'sdinnerwillappeartomanyastheNEPLUSULTRAofdelicateliving。Oneofthecharmsofahotelforpeoplewholivepoorlyathome，liesinthispowertoorderexpensivedishestheyrarelyorneverseeontheirowntables。\"
\"TobeservedwithaquantityoffoodthathehasbutlittledesiretoeatisoneofanAmericancitizen\'sdearestprivileges，andarighthewillmostunwillinglyrelinquish。HemayknowaswellasyouandIdo，thatwhathecallsforwillnotbewortheating；thatisofsecondaryimportance，hehasitbeforehim，andiscontented。\"
\"ThehotelthatattemptedlimitingthelibertyofitsgueststotheextentofservingthemaTABLED\'HOTEdinner，wouldbeemptiedinaweek。\"
\"Acrowningincongruity，asmostpeoplearedelightedtodinewithfriends，oratpublicfunctions，wherethemealisinvariablyservedALARUSSE(anothernameforaTABLED\'HOTE)，andontheseoccasionsareonlytoogladtohavetheirMENUchosenforthem。
Thepresentway，however，isaremnantof\'oldtimes\'andtheaverageAmerican，withallhisloveofchangeandnovelty，isveryconservativewhenitcomestohistable。\"
Whatthismanagerdidnotconfidetome，butwhatIdiscoveredlaterformyself，wasthattofacilitatetheservice，andavoidconfusioninthekitchens，ithadbecomethecustomatallthelargeandmostofthesmallhotelsinthiscountry，tocarvethejoints，cutupthegame，andportionoutvegetables，anhourortwobeforemealtime。Thefood，thusarranged，isplacedinvaststeamclosets，whereitsimmersgaylyforhours，initsown，andfiftyothervapors。
Anyonewhoknowstherudimentsofcookery，willrecognizethatwiththissystemnoviandcanhaveanyparticularflavor，thepartridgeshavingatasteoftheirneighbortheroastbeef，whichinturnsuggeststheplumpuddingithasbeen\"chumming\"with。
Itisnotaloneinahotelthatwemissthegoodingraspingafterthebetter。Smallhousekeepingisapparentlyrunonthesamelines。
AyoungFrenchman，whowasworkinginmyrooms，toldmeinreplytoaquestionregardingprices，thateverykindoffoodwascheaperherethanabroad，buttheprejudiceagainstcertaindisheswassostronginthiscountrythatmanyofthebestthingsinthemarketswerenevercalledfor。Ournationisnolongerinits\"teens\"andshouldceasetoactlikeafoolishboywhohasinherited(whatappearstohim)alimitlessfortune；notforfearofhiscoming，likehisprototypeintheparable，toliveon\"husks\"forheisdoingthatalready，butlestlikethedogofthefable，ingraspingaftertheshadowofabanquethemissthesimplemealthatiswithinhisreach。
Oneofthereasonsforthisdeplorablestateofaffairsliesinthefoolisheducationourgirlsreceive。Theylearnsolittlehousekeepingathome，thatwhenmarriedtheyareobligedtobeginalloveragain，unlesstheyprefer，likeamajorityoftheirfriends，toletthingsasgoatthewillanddiscretionofthe\"lady\"belowstairs。
AtbothhotelsIhavereferredto，thefamiliesofthemeninterestedconsidereditbeneaththemtoknowwhatwastakingplace。The\"daughter\"oftheNewEnglandhousewentsemi-weeklytoBostontotakeviolinlessonsattendollarseach，althoughshehadnointentionofbecomingaprofessional，whilethewifewrotepoetryandignoredthehotelsideofherlifeentirely。
The\"betterhalf\"oftheFloridaestablishmenthiredapalaceinRomeandentertainedambassadors。Hotelsdividedagainstthemselvesareapttobeestablishmentswhereyoupayforriotouslivingandareservedonlywithhusks。
Wehavemanyhardlessonsaheadofus，andoneofthehardestwillbeforournationtolearnhumblyfromthethriftyemigrantsonourshores，thegreatartofutilizingthe\"tails\"thatareatthismomentbeingsorecklesslythrownaway。
Asitis，inspiteofmarketsoverflowingwitheveryfish，vegetable，andtemptingviand，wecontinuetobetheworstfed，mostmeagrelynourishedofallthewealthynationsonthefaceoftheearth。
Wehaveasaying(foranexcellentreasonunknownontheContinent)thatProvidenceprovidesuswithfoodandthedevilsendsthecooks!Itwouldbetruertosaythatthepoorerthefoodresourcesofanation，themorerestrictedthechoiceofmaterial，thebetterthecooks；asmalllatitudewhenprovidingforthetableforcingthemtoahundredclevercombinationsandmysteriousdevicestovarythemonotonyoftheircuisineandtemptapalate，bycustomstaled。
Ourheedlesspeople，withgreatvarietyattheirdisposition，areunequaltothesituation，wastinganddiscardingthebest，andmakingabsolutelynothingoftheiradvantages。
Ifwewereenjoyingourprodigalitybylivingonthefatoftheland，therewouldbelessreasontoreproachourselves，foreveryonehasarighttoliveashepleases。Butasitis，ourfoolishprodigalsarespendingtheirsubstance，whileeatingthehusks!
CHAPTER30-TheFaubourgofSt。GermainTHEREhasbeentoomuchsaidandwritteninthelastdozenyearsaboutbreakingdownthe\"greatwall\"behindwhichthearistocratsofthefamousFaubourg，liketheCelestials，theirprototypes，haveensconcedthemselves。TheChinesespeakofoutsidersas\"barbarians。\"TheFrenchladiesrefertosuchunfortunatesasbeing\"beyondthepale。\"Almostallthathasbeenwrittenisarrantnonsense；thatimaginarybarrierexiststo-dayonasfirmafoundation，andisguardedbysentinelsasvigilantaswhen，fortyyearsago，Napoleon(thirdofthename)andhisSpanishspousemountedtoitsassault。
TheirrepulsewasabitterhumiliationtothePARVENUEEmpress，whoseresentmenttooktheform(alongwithmanyothercuriousresults)ofopeningthepresentBoulevardSt。Germain，itslinebeingintentionallycarriedthroughtheheartofthatquarter，teemingwithhistoric\"Hotels\"oftheoldaristocracy，wherebeautifulconstructionsweremercilesslytorndowntomakewayforthenewavenue。ThecajolerieswhichEugeniefirsttriedandtheblowsthatfollowedwerealikeunavailing。EvenherworshipofMarieAntoinette，betweenwhomandherselfshefoundimaginaryresemblances，failedtowarmthestonyheartsoftheproudoldladies，towhomitwasasgallandwormwoodtoseeanobodycrownedinthepalaceoftheirkings。Likereligiouscommunities，persecutiononlydrewthisoldsocietymorefirmlytogetherandmadethemstandbyeachotherintheirdistress。WhentheBoiswasremodelledbyNapoleonandthelakewithitswindingdrivelaidout，thenewCourtdroveofanafternoonalongthiswaterfront。
Thatwasenoughfortheoldswells!Theyretiredtotheremote\"AlleeoftheAcacias，\"andsolemnlytooktheirairingawayfromthebustleofthenewworld，incidentallysettingafashionthathasheldgoodtothisday；thelakesidebeingnowdeserted，andthe\"Acacias\"crowdedofanafternoon，byallthatParisholdsofelegantandinelegant。
WherethebrilliantSecondEmpirefailed，theRepublichadlittlechanceofsuccess。Witheachsucceedingyearthe\"OldFaubourg\"
