Second。TheEnglishareblunterthanwe。Theytalktousastheywouldtalktothemselves。Thewaywetakeitrevealsthatwearetoooftenthin-skinned。Recentpeopleareapttobethin-skinnedandself-consciousandself-assertive，whilethosewithathousandyearsoftraditionwouldhavethickerhidesandwouldneverfeelitnecessarytoassertthemselves。GiveanEnglishmanasgoodashegivesyou，andyouarecertaintowinhisrespect，andprobablyhisregard。InthisconnectionseemyanecdoteabouttheTommiesandYankeeswhophysicallyfoughtitout，andcompareitwiththeSalisbury，thevanSquibber，andtheopiumtradeanecdotes。\"Treat\'emrough，\"whentheytreatyourough:theylikeit。Only，besureyoudoitintherightway。
Third。Wedifferbecausewearealike。ThatAmericanwhostoodinthetheatrecomplainingaboutthesixpencehedidn\'thavetopayathomeisexactlylikeEnglishmenIhaveseencomplainingabouttheunexpectedhere。Wesharenotonlythesamemother-tongue，weshareeveryotherfundamentalthinguponwhichourwelfarerestsandourlivesarecarriedon。Welikethesamethings，wehatethesamethings。Wehavethesamenotionsaboutjustice，law，conduct；aboutwhatamanshouldbe，aboutwhatawomanshouldbe。Itislikethemother-tongueweshare，yetspeakwithadifference。
Takethemother-tongueforaparableandsymbolofalltherest。Justastheword\"girl\"isidenticaltooursightbutnottoourhearing，andmeansoh!quitethesamethingthroughoutusallinallitsmeanings，sothatidentityofnaturewhichwesharecomesoftentothesurfaceindifferentguise。OurloquacityestrangestheEnglishman，hissilenceestrangesus。BehindthatsilencebeatstheEnglishheart，warm，constant，andtrue；noneotherlikeitonearth，exceptourownatitsbest，beatingbehindourloquacity。
Thusfarmyanecdotescarryme。Maytheyhelpsomereadertoabetterunderstandingofwhathehasmisunderstoodheretofore!
NoanecdotesthatIcanfind(thoughIamsurethattheyaretobefound)
willillustrateonedifferencebetweenthetwopeoples，verynoticeableto-day。Itisincreasing。AnEnglishmannotonlystickscloserthanabrothertohisownrights，herespectstherightsofhisneighborjustasstrictly。WeAmericansarelosingourgriponthis。Itisthebottomofthewholething。Itisthemoralkeystoneofdemocracy。Howsoeverwemaytalkaboutourownrightsto-day，wepaylessandlessrespecttothoseofourneighbors。Theresultisthatto-daythereismorelibertyinEnglandthanhere。Libertyconsistsanddependsuponrespectingyourneighbor\'srightseverybitasfairlyandsquarelyasyourown。
Ontheotherhand，IwonderiftheEnglishareasgoodlosersasweare?
Hardlyanythingthattheycoulddowouldrubusmorethewrongwaythantodenytousthatfairplayinsportwhichtheyaccordeachother。I
shallnotmorethanmentionthematchbetweenourBeniciaBoyandtheirTomSayers。OfthistheEnglishversionisasdefectiveasourschool-bookaccountoftheRevolution。Ishallalsopassovervariousotherinternationaleventsthataresomewhatwellknown，andIwillillustratethepointwithananecdoteknowntobutafew。
CrossingtheoceanweresomeyoungEnglishandAmericans，whogotupaninternationaltug-of-war。Afriendofminewasanchorofourteam。Wehappenedtowin。Theydidn\'ttakeitverywell。Oneofthemsaidtotheanchor:
\"Doyouknowwhyyoupulledusovertheline?\"
\"No。\"
\"Becauseyouhadalltheblackguardsonyoursideoftheline。\"
\"Doyouknowwhywehadalltheblackguardsonoursideoftheline?\"
inquiredtheAmerican。
\"No。\"
\"Becausewepulledyouovertheline。\"
InoneofmyanecdotesIusedthetermSamJohnsontodescribeanEnglishmanofacertaintype。Dr。SamuelJohnsonwasaverymarkedspecimenofthetype，andalmosttheonlyillustriousEnglishmanoflettersduringourRevolutionarytroubleswhowasnotourfriend。Rightdownthroughtheyearseversince，therehavebeenSamJohnsonswritingandsayingunfavorablethingsaboutus。TheTorymustbeeternal，asmuchastheWhigorLiberal；andbotharealwaysneeded。TherewillprobablyalwaysbeSamJohnsonsinEngland，justliketheonewhowasscandalizedbyourChicagopacking-housedisclosures。NolongeragothanJune1，1919，aSamJohnson，whowasdiscussingthePeaceTreaty，saidinmyhearing，inLondon:
\"TheYankeesshouldn\'thavebeenbroughtintoanyconsultation。TheyaidedandabettedGermany。\"
InLittell\'sLivingAgeofJuly20，1918，pages151-160，youmayreadaninterestingaccountofBritishwritersontheUnitedStates。Thebygoneoneswereprettypreposterous。Theysatirizedthenewnessofanewcountry。ItwaslikevisitingtheEsquimauxandcomplainingthattheygrewnopineapplesandworeskins。InLittellyouwillfindhowfewaretherecentSamJohnsonsascomparedwiththerecentfriendlywriters。Youwillalsoberemindedthatouranti-EnglishcomplexwasdiscernedgenerationsagobyWashingtonIrving。HesaidinhisSketchBookthatwritersinthiscountrywere\"instillingangerandresentmentintothebosomofayouthfulnation，togrowwithitsgrowthandtostrengthenwithitsstrength。\"
AndhequotesfromtheEnglishQuarterlyReview，whichinthatearlydayalreadywroteofAmericaandEngland:
\"Thereisasacredbondbetweenusbybloodandbylanguagewhichnocircumstancescanbreak……Nationsaretooreadytoadmitthattheyhavenaturalenemies；whyshouldtheybelesswillingtobelievethattheyhavenaturalfriends?\"
Itisweourselvesto-day，notEngland，thatarepushingfriendshipaway。
Itisourpoliticians，papers，andpropagandistswhoaremakingthetroubleandthenoise。InEnglandthewilltofriendshiprules，hasruledforalongwhile。Doesthewilltohaterulewithus?DowepreferGermany?DoweprefertheindependenceofIrelandtothepeaceoftheworld?
ChapterXVI:AnInternationalImpostureApartoftheIrishisaskingourvoiceandourgoldtohelpindependenceforthewholeoftheIrish。IndependenceisnotdesiredbythewholeoftheIrish。IrishmenofUlsterhaveplainlysaidso。Everybodyknowsthis。
RomanCatholicsthemselvesarenotunanimous。Onlysomeofthemdesireindependence。These，knownasSinnFein，appealtousfordeliverancefromtheirconquerorandoppressor；theydwellupontheoppressionofEnglandbeneathwhichIrelandisnowcrushed。TheyrefertoEngland\'sbrutalandunjustifiableconquestoftheIrishnationsevenhundredandforty-eightyearsago。
Whatisthetruth，whatarethefacts?
Byhisbull\"Laudabiliter，\"in1155，PopeAdriantheFourthinvitedtheKingofEnglandtotakechargeofIreland。In1172PopeAlexandertheThirdconfirmedthisbyseveralletters，atpresentpreservedintheBlackBookoftheExchequer。Accordingly，HenrytheSecondwenttoIreland。AllthearchbishopsandbishopsofIrelandmethimatWaterford，receivedhimaskingandlordofIreland，vowingloyalobediencetohimandhissuccessors，andacknowledgingfealtytothemforever。TheseprelateswerefollowedbythekingsofCork，Limerick，Ossory，Meath，andbyReginaldofWaterford。RoderickO\'Connor，KingofConnaught，joinedthemin1175。AlltheseacceptedHenrytheSecondofEnglandastheirLordandKing，swearingtobeloyaltohimandhissuccessorsforever。
SuchwasEngland\'sbrutalandunjustifiableconquestofIreland。
Irelandwasnotanation，itwasatribalchaos。TheIrishnationofthatdayisalegend，amyth，builtbypoeticimagination。Duringthecen-
turiessucceedingHenrytheSecond，weremanyerasofviolenceandbloodshed。Inreadingthestory，itishardtosaywhichsidecommittedthemostcrimes。Duringthosesamecenturies，violenceandbloodshedandoppressionexistedeverywhereinEurope。UndoubtedlyEnglandwasveryoppressivetoIrelandattimes；butsincethedaysofGladstoneshehassteadilyendeavoredtorelieveIreland，withtheresultthattodaysheisoppressingIrelandratherlessthanourFederalGovernmentisoppressingMassachusetts，orSouthCarolina，oranyState。BytheWyndhamLandActof1903，Irelandwasplacedinapositionsoadvantageous，soutterlythereverseofoppression，thatDillon，thepresentleader，hastenedtoob-
structtheoperationoftheAct，lesttheIrishgeniusforgrievancemightperishfromstarvation。Examinethestateofthingsforyourself，I
cannotswellthisbookwiththedetails；theyareasaccessibletoyouasthefewfactsabouttheconquestwhichIhavejustnarrated。Examinethefacts，butevenwithoutexaminingthem，askyourselfthisquestion:WithCanada，Australia，andallthoseothercoloniesthatIhavenamedabove，satisfiedwithEngland\'srule，hasteningtoherassistance，andwithonlyIrelandsellingherselftoGermany，isitnotjustpossiblethatsomethingisthematterwithIrelandratherthanwithEngland?SinnFeinwillhearofnoHomeRule。SinnFeindemandsindependence。IndependenceSinnFeinwillnotget。NotonlybecauseoftheoutragetounconsentingUlster，butalsobecauseBritain，havingjustgotridofoneHeligolandtotheEast，willnotpermitanothertostartupontheWest。AsearlyasAugust25th，1914，mentioninGermanpaperswasmadeofthepresenceinBerlinofCasementandofhismissiontoinviteGermanytostepintoIrelandwhenEnglandwasfightingGermany。Thetrafficwentsteadilyonfromthattime，andbrokeoutintherevolutionandthecrimesinDublinin1916。EnglanddiscoveredtheplanoftherevolutionjustintimetofoilthelandinginIrelandofGermany，whomIrelandhadinvitedthere。
WereEnglandseekingtobreakloosefromIreland，shecouldsueIrelandforadivorceandnametheKaiserasco-respondent。Anycourtwouldgrantit。
ThepartofIrelandwhichdoesnotdesireindependence，whichdesiresitsolittlethatitwasreadytoresistHomeRulebyforcein1914，isthesteady，thrifty，clean，coherent，prosperouspartofIreland。Itistheother，theunstablepartofIreland，whichhasdeclaredIrelandtobeaRepublic。ForconvenienceIwilldesignatethispartasGreenIreland，andthethrifty，stablepartasOrangeIreland。Sowhenourpoliticianssympathizewithan\"Irish\"Republic，theybefriendmerelyGreenIreland；theyoffendOrangeIreland。
AmericansarebeingtoldinthesedaysthattheyoweadebtofsupporttoIrishindependence，becausethe\"Irish\"foughtwithusinourownstruggleforIndependence。Yes，theIrishdid，andwedoowethemadebtofsupport。ButitwastheOrangeIrishwhofoughtinourRevolution，nottheGreenIrish。ThereforeinpayingthedebttotheGreenIrishandclamoringfor\"Irish\"independence，wearedoublecrossingtheOrangeIrish。
\"ItisacuriousfactthatintheRevolutionaryWartheGermansandCatholicIrishshouldhavefurnishedthebulkoftheauxiliariestotheregularEnglishsoldiers；……ThefiercestandmostardentAmericansofall，however，werethePresbyterianIrishsettlersandtheirdescendants。\"HistoryofNewYork，p。133，byTheodoreRoosevelt。
Next，inwhatmannerhavetheGreenIrishincurredourthanks?
TheymadetheancientandhonorableassociationofTammanytheirown。
OnceitwasAmerican。NowTammanyisGreenIrish。IdonotbelievethatI
needpausetotellyoumuchaboutTammany。ItdefeatedMitchel，aloyalbuthonestCatholic，andthebestMayorofNearYorkinthirtyyears。Itisadespotismbuiltoncorruptionandfear。
DuringourCivilWar，itwastheGreenIrishthatresistedthedraftinNewYork。Theywouldnotfight。YouhaveheardofthedraftriotsinNewYorkin1862。TheywouldnotfightfortheConfederacyeither。
Duringthefollowingdecade，inPennsylvania，anassociation，calledtheMollyMaguires，terrorizedthecoalregionsuntiltheirreignofassas-
sinationwasbroughttoanendbythedetection，conviction，andexecutionoftheirringleaders。ThesewereGreenIrish。
InCorkandQueenstownduringtherecentwar，ourAmericansailorswereassaultedandstonedbytheGreenIrish，becausetheyhadcometohelpfightGermany。Theseassaults，andtheretaliationstowhichtheyled，becamesoseriousthatnonavalmenundertherankofCommanderwerepermittedtogotoCork。LeadingcitizensofCorkcametobegthatthisorderberescinded。But，uponbeingcross-examined，itwasfoundthattheGreenIrishwhohadmadethetroublehadneverbeenpunished。OfthismanyofushadnewsbeforeAdmiralSimsinTheWorld\'sWorkforNovember，pages63-64，gaveithisauthoritativeconfirmation。
Takingoneconsiderationwithanother，ithardlyseemstomethatourdebttotheGreenIrishissufficientlyheavyforustohinderEnglandforthesakeofhelpingthemandGermany。
NotalltheGreenIrishwereguiltyoftheattacksuponoursailors；notallbyanymeanswerepro-German；andIknowpersonallyofloyalRomanCatholicswhoarewhollyonEngland\'sside，andarewhollyopposedtoSinnFein。Manysucharehere，manyinIreland:themIdonotmean。ItisSinnFeinthatImean。
In1918，whenEnglandwithherbacktothewallwasfightingGermany，theGreenIrishkilledthedraft。Herefollowing，IgivesomespecificinstancesofwhattheRomanCatholicpriestssaid。
April21st。AftermassatCastletown，BearHaven，FatherBrennanorderedhisflocktoresistconscription，takethesacrament，andtobereadytoresisttothedeath；suchdeathinsuringthefullbenedictionofGodandhisChurch。Ifthepoliceresorttoforce，letthepeoplekillthepoliceastheywouldkillanyonewhothreatenedtheirlives。Ifsoldierscameinsupportofthedraft，letthembetreatedlikethepolice。Policemenandsoldiersdyingintheirattempttocarryoutthedraftlaw，woulddietheenemiesofGod，whilethepeoplewhoresistedthemwoulddieinpeacewithGodandunderthebenedictionofhisChurch。
FatherLynchsaidinchurchatRyehill:\"Resistthedraftbyeverymeansinyourpower。AnyminionoftheEnglishGovernmentwhofiresuponyou，aboveallifheisaCatholic，commitsamortalsinandGodwillpunishhim。\"
InthechapelatKilgarvanFatherMurphysaid:\"EveryIrishmanwhohelpstoapplythedraftinIrelandisnotonlyatraitortohiscountry，butcommitsamortalsinagainstGod\'slaw。\"
AtmassinScarifftheRev。JamesMacInerneysaid:\"NoIrishCatholic，whateverhisstationbe，canhelpthedraftinthiscountrywithoutdenyinghisfaith。\"
April28th。AfterhavinggiventhecommuniontothreehundredmeninthechurchatEyries，CountyCork，FatherGeraldDennehysaid:\"AnyCatholicwhoeitheraspolicemanorasagentofthegovernmentshallassistinapplyingthedraft，shallbeexcommunicatedandcursedbytheRomanCatholicChurch。ThecurseofGodwillfollowhimineveryland。Youcankillhimatsight，Godwillblessyouanditwillbethemostacceptablesacrificethatyoucanoffer。\"
Referringtoanypolicemanwhoshouldattempttoenforcethedraft，FatherMurphysaidatmassinKillenna，\"Anypolicemanwhoiskilledinsuchattemptwillbedamnedinhell，evenifhewasinastateofgracethatverymorning。\"
Ninety-fivepercentofthoseIrishpolicemenwereCatholicsandhadtorespectthecommandsofthosepriests。
IrelandisEngland\'sbusiness，notours。Buttheword\"self-determination\"appearstohypnotizesomeAmericans。Wemustnotbehypnotizedbythisword。Itisuponthe\"principle\"expressedinthiswordthatoursympathieswiththeIrishRepublicareasked。ThesixnortheasterncountiesofUlster，onthe\"principle\"ofself-determination，shouldbeseparatedfromtheIrishRepublic。ButtheGreenIrishwillnotlistentothat。ProtestantsinUlsterhadtolistenintheirownchiefcitytoSinnFeinrejoicingsoverGermanvictories。
Therebellionof1916，whenSinnFeinopenedthebackdoorthatEngland\'senemiesmightenteranddestroyher——thisdastardlytreasonwasmadebloodybycowardlyviolence。Theunarmedandtheunsuspectingwereshotdownandstabbedincoldblood。Later，soldierswhocamehomefromthefront，woundedsoldierstoo，werepersecutedandassaulted。ThemenofUlsterdon\'twishtofallunderthepoweroftheGreenIrish。
\"WedonotknowwhethertheBritishstatesmenarerightinassertingaconnectionbetweenIrishrevolutionaryfeelingandGermanpropaganda。ButinsuchaconnectionweshouldseenosignofabadGermanpolicy。\"ThuswroteaPrussiandeputyinDasGrossereDeutschland。Thatwasoverthere。
Thiswasoverhere:——
\"ThefraternalunderstandingwhichunitestheAncientOrderofHiberniansandtheGerman-AmericanAlliancereceivesourunqualifiedendorsement。
ThisunityofeffortinallmattersofapublicnatureintendedtocircumventtheeffortsofEnglandtosecureanAnglo-Americanalliancehavebeenproductiveofverysuccessfulresults。ThecongratulationsofthoseofuswholiveundertheflagoftheUnitedStatesareextendedtoourGerman-Americanfellowcitizensupontheconquestswonbythefatherland，andweassurethemofourunshakenconfidencethattheGermanEmpirewillcrushEnglandandaidintheliberationofIreland，andbearealdefenderofsmallnations。\"SeetheBostonHeraldofJuly22，1916。
DuringourCivilWar，in1862，aresolutionofsympathywiththeSouthwasstifledinParliament。
OnJune6，1919，ourSenatepassed，withonedissentingvoice，thefollowing，offeredbySenatorWalsh，democrat，ofMassachusetts:
\"Resolved，thattheSenateoftheUnitedStatesexpressitssympathywiththeaspirationsoftheIrishpeopleforagovernmentofitsownchoice。\"
WhatEnglandwouldnotdofortheSouthin1862，wenowdoagainstEnglandourally，againstUlster，ourfriendinourRevolution，andinsupportofEngland\'senemies，SinnFeinandGermany。
Irelandhaslessthan4，500，000inhabitants；Ulster\'sshareisaboutonethird，anditsProtestantsoutnumberitsCatholicsbymorethanthreefourths。Besidessuchreprisalsastheysawwroughtuponwoundedsoldiers，theyknowthattheGreenIrishwhoinsistthatUlsterbelongtotheirRepublic，dosobecausetheyplantomakeprosperousandthriftyUlstertheirmilchcow。
Leteveryfair-mindedAmericanpause，then，beforegivinghissympathytoanindependentIrishRepublicontheprincipleofself-determination，oroutofgratitudetotheGreenIrish。LethimrememberthatitwastheOrangeIrishwhohelpedusinourRevolution，andthattheOrangeIrishdonotwantanindependentIrishRepublic。Therewillbenone；ourinterferencemerelymakesGermanyhappyandpossiblyprolongstheexistingchaos；buttherewillbenone。BeforesuchloyalandthinkingCatholicsasthegentlemanwhosaidtomethatwordabout\"spoilingtheshipforaha\'pennyworthoftar，\"andbeforeafirmandcoherentpolicyonEngland\'spart，SinnFeinwillfadelikeapoisonousmist。
ChapterXVII:PaintSoldiersofours——manysoldiers，Iamsorrytosay——havecomebackfromCoblenzandotherplacesintheblackspot，sayingthattheyfoundtheinhabitantsoftheblackspotkindandagreeable。TheygivethisreasonforlikingtheGermansbetterthantheydotheEnglish。TheyfoundtheGermansagreeable，theEnglishnotagreeable。Well，thisamountstosomethingasfarasitgoes:buthowfardoesitgo，andhowmuchdoesitamountto?Haveyoueverseenanautomobilepainteduptolooklikenew，anditbrokedownbeforeithadruntenmiles，andyoufounditsinsideswerewrong?Wouldyoubuyanautomobileonthestrengthofthepaint?
Englandoftenneedspaint，butherinsidesareallright。Ifoursoldierslooknodeeperthanthepaint，ifourvoterslooknofurtherthanthepaint，ifourdemocracyneverlooksatanythingbutthepaint，Godhelpourdemocracy!OfcoursetheGermanswereagreeabletooursoldiersafterthearmistice!
AgreeableGermany!——whosanktheLusitania；whosankfivethousandBritishmerchantshipswiththelossoffifteenthousandmen，women，andchildren，allmurderedatsea，withoutachancefortheirlives；whofiredonboat-loadsoftheshipwrecked，whostoodonhersubmarineandlaughedatthedrowningpassengersofthetorpedoedFalaba。
DisagreeableEngland!——whosankfivehundredGermanshipswithoutpermittingasinglelifetobelost，whoneverfiredashotuntilprovisionhadbeenmadeforthesafetyofpassengersandcrews。
AgreeableGermany!——who，assheretreated，poisonedwellsandgassedthecitizensfromwhosevillageshewasrunningaway；whowreckedthechurchesandthehomesofthehelplessliving，andbombedthetombsofthehelplessdead；whowrenchedfamiliesapartinthenight，takingtheirboystoslaveryandtheirgirlstowholesaleviolation，leavingtheoldpeopletowanderinlonelinessanddie；whoinherraidsuponEnglandslaughteredthreehundredandforty-twowomen，andkilledorinjuredsevenhundredandfifty-sevenchildren，andmadeinallalistoffourthousandfivehundredandsixty-eight，bombedbyherairmen；whosetrainednursesmetourwoundedandcapturedmenattherailroadtrainsandheldoutcupsofwaterforthemtosee，andthenpouredthemonthegroundorspatinthem。
DisagreeableEngland!——whosecoloniesrushedtohelpher:Canada，whowithineightweeksafterwarhadbeendeclared，camewithavoluntaryarmyofthirty-threethousandmen；whostoodhergroundagainstthatfirstmeetingwiththepoisongasandsavednotonlytheday，butpossiblythewholecause；whoby1917hadsentoverfourhundredthousandmentohelpdisagreeableEngland；whogaveherwealth，herfood，hersubstance；whopouredeverysymbolofaidandloveintodisagreeableEngland\'slaptohelpherbeatagreeableGermany。ThusdidallEngland\'scoloniesofferandbringboththemselvesandtheirresources，fromthesmallesttothegreatest；littleNewfoundland，whoseregimentgavesuchheroicaccountofitselfatGallipoli；Australiawhocamewithhercruisers，andwithalsoherarmiestotheWestFrontandinSouthAfrica；
NewZealandwhocamefromtheothersideoftheworldwithmenandmoney——
threemillionpoundsingift，notloan，fromonemillionpeople。AndtheBoers?TheBoers，wholatestofall，nottwentyyearsbefore，hadbeenatwarwithEngland，andconqueredbyher，andthenbyherhadbeengivenaBoerGovernment。WhatdidtheBoersdo?InspiteoftheKaiser\'stelegramofsympathy，inspiteofhisplansandhishopes，theytoo，likeCanadaandNewZealandandalltherest，sidedoftheirownfreewillwithdisagreeableEnglandagainstagreeableGermany。TheyfirststampedoutaGermanrebellion，instigatedintheirmidst，andthentheseBoerslefttheirfarms，andcametoEngland\'said，anddroveGermanpowerfromSouthwestAfrica。AnddoyourememberthewirethatcamefromIndiatoLondon?\"WhatordersfromtheKing-Emperorformeandmymen?\"ThesewerethewordsoftheMaharajahofRewa；andthusspoketherestofIndia。ThetroopsshesentcapturedNeueChapelle。FromfirsttolasttheyfoughtinmanyplacesfortheCauseofEngland。
Whatdowords，orpropaganda，whatdoesanythingcountinthefaceofsuchfactsasthese?
AgreeableGermany!——whoaddressesherGod，\"ThouwhodwellesthighabovetheCherubim，SeraphimandZeppelin\"——ParsonDiedrichVorwerckinhisvolumeHurrahandHallelujah。Germany，whosays，\"ItisbettertoletahundredwomenandchildrenbelongingtotheenemydieofhungerthantoletasingleGermansoldiersuffer\"——GeneralvonderGoltzinhisTenIronCommandmentsoftheGermanSoldier；Germany，whosesoldierobeysthosecommandmentsthus:\"Iamsendingyouaringmadeoutofapieceofshell……DuringthebattleofBudonvillerIdidawaywithfourwomenandsevenyounggirlsinfiveminutes。TheCaptainhadtoldmetoshoottheseFrenchsows，butIpreferredtorunmybayonetthroughthem\"——privateJohannWengertohisGermansweetheart，datedPeronne，March16，1915。
Germany，whosenewspapertheCologneVolkszettungdeploredthedoingsofherKulturonlandandseathus:\"MuchaswedetestitashumanbeingsandasChristians，yetweexultinitasGermans。\"
AgreeableGermany!——whoseKaiser，ifhisfleethadbeenlarger，wouldhavetakenusbythescruffoftheneck。
\"ThenThou，AlmightyOne，sendThylightnings!
Letdwellingsandcottagesbecomeashesintheheatoffire。
Letthepeopleinhordesburnanddrownwithwifeandchild。
Maytheirseedbetrampledunderourfeet；
Maywekillgreatandsmallinthelustofjoy。
Mayweplungeourdaggersintotheirbodies，MayPolandreekintheglowoffireandashes。\"
ThatisanotherverseofGermany\'shymn，hateforPoland；thatisherwayoftakingpeoplebythescruffoftheneck；andthatiswhatSenatorWalsh\'sresolutionofsympathywithIreland，Germany\'scontemplatedHeligoland，impliesfortheUnitedStates，ifGermany\'sdeferreddayshouldcome。
ChapterXVIII:TheWilltoFriendship——ortheWilltoHate?
Nationsdonotlikeeachother。Noplainerfactstaresatusfromthepagesofhistorysincethebeginning。Arewetositdownunderthisforever?Whyshouldwemakenoattempttochangethisforthebetterinthepagesofhistorythatareyettobewritten?Otherevilshavebeenmadebetter。Inthisverywar，theoutcryagainstGermanyhasbeenbecauseshedeliberatelybroughtbackintowarthecrueltiesandthehorrorsofmorebarbaroustimes，andwithcoldcalculationsofpremeditatedsciencemadethesehorrorsworse。OurrecoilfromthisdeedofhersandwhatithasbroughtupontheworldisseeninourwishforaLeagueofNations。Thethoughtofanymorebattles，tenches，submarines，air-raids，starvation，misery，issounbearabletoourbruisedandstrickenminds，thatwehaveputitintowordswhoseimportis，Letushavenomoreofthis!Wehaveatleastputitintowords。Thatsuchwords，thatsuchaLeague，cannowgrowintosomethingmorethanwords，isthehopeofmany，thedoubtofmany，thebeliefofafew。ItisthebeliefofMr。Wilson；ofMr。Taft；LordBryce；andofLordGrey，aquietEnglishman，whosestatesmanshipduringthoselasttenmurkydaysofJuly，1914，whenhestrovetoavertthedreadfulyearsthatfollowed，willshinebrightandpermanent。Wemustnotbechilledbythedoubters。
EspeciallyistheschemedoubtedindearoldEurope。DearoldEuropeissoold；wearesoyoung；wecausehertosmile。Yetitisnotsuchacontemptiblethingtobeyoungandinnocent。Only，yourinnocence，whileitmakesyouanidealist，mustnotblindyoutothefacts。Yourideamustnotrestuponsand。Itmusthavealittlerocktostartwith。ThenearestrockinsightisfriendshipbetweenEnglandandourselves。
Thewilltofriendship——orthewilltohate?Whichdoyouchoose?WhichdoyouthinkisthebestfoundationfortheLeagueofNations?Doyouimaginethatsolongasnationsdonotlikeeachother，thatmerewordsofgoodintention，writtenonmerepaper，aregoingtobeenough?Writedownthewordsbyallmeans，butseetoitthatbehindyourwordsthereshallexistactualgoodwill。Discouragehistoriesforchildren(andforgrown-upstoo)whichbreedinternationaldislike。Suchexistamongusall。Thereisarecentone，writteninEngland，thatneedssomechanges。
ShouldanEnglishmansaytome:
\"Ihavethewilltofriendship。IsthereanyparticularthingwhichIcandotohelp?\"Ishouldanswerhim:
\"Justnow，orinanydaystocome，shouldyoubetemptedtoremindusthatwedidnotprotestagainstthemartyrdomofBelgium，thatwewereabitslowincomingintothewar，——oh，don\'tutterthatreproach!Gobacktoyourownpast；look，forinstance，atyourguaranteetoDenmark，atLordJohnRussell\'swords:\'HerMajestycouldnotseewithindifferenceamilitaryoccupationofHolstein\'——andthenseewhatEnglandshirked；andreadthatscathingsentencespokentoherambassadorinRussia:\'ThenwemaydismissanyideathatEnglandwillfightonapointofhonor。\'Wehadmadeyounosuchguarantee。Wewerethreethousandmilesaway——howfarwasDenmark?
\"Andanotherthing。OnAugust6，1919，whenBritain\'sthankstoherlandandseaforcesweremovedinbothhousesofParliament，thegentlemanwhomovedthemintheHouseofLordssaidsomethingwhich，asitseemstome，addsnothingtothetributehehadalreadypaidsoeloquently。HehadspokenofthegreaterincentivetocouragewhichtheFrenchandBelgianshad，becausetheirhomesandsoilwereinvaded，whileEngland\'ssoldiershadsufferednoinvasionoftheirisland。Theyhadnotthestimulusoftheknowledgethatthefrontieroftheircountryhadbeenviolated，theirhomesbrokenup，theirfamiliesenslaved，orworse。Andthenheadded:\'I
havesometimeswonderedinmyownmind，thoughIhavehardlydaredconfessthesentiment，whetherthegallanttroopsofourAllieswouldhavefoughtwithequalspiritandsolongatimeastheydid，hadtheybeenengagedintheHighlandsofScotlandoronthemarchesoftheWelshborder。\'Whyexpressthatwonder?Istherenothereaninstanceofthatneedlessoverlookingofthefeelingsofothers，bywhich，intimespast，youhavechilledthoseothers?Lookoutforthat。\"
AndshouldanAmericansaytome:
\"Ihavethewilltofriendship。WhatcanIpersonallydo?\"Ishouldsay:
\"Playfair!LookoverourhistoryfromthatTreatyofParisin1783，downthroughtheLouisianaPurchase，theMonroeDoctrine，andManilaBay；lookatthefacts。YouwillseethatnomatterhowacrimoniouslyEnglandhasquarreledwithus，thesewerealwaysfamilyscraps，inwhichsheheldoutforherowninterestsjustaswedidforours。ButwheneverthequestionlaybetweenourselvesandSpain，orFrance，orGermany，oranyforeignpower，Englandstoodwithusagainstthem。
\"Andanotherthing。NotallAmericansboast，butwehaveareputationforboasting。OurSecretaryoftheNavygaveournavythewholecreditfortransportingoursoldierstoEuropewhenEnglanddidmorethanhalfofit。AtAnnapolistherehasbeenaposter，showingabigAmericansailorwithadoughboyonhisback，andunderneaththewords，\'Weputthemacross。\'Abrigadiergeneralhaswrittenabookentitled，HowtheMarinesSavedParis。Besidethemarinesthereweresomeengineers。AndhowaboutMCompanyofthe23rdregimentofthe2ndDivision?ItlostinonedayatChateau-Thierryallitsmenbutseven。Anddidthegeneralforgetthe3rdDivisionbetweenChateau-ThierryandDormans?Don\'tbelikethatbrigadiergeneral，anddon\'tbelikethatAmericanofficerreturningontheLaplandwhotoldtheBritishathistablehewasgladtogethomeaftercleaningupthemesswhichtheBritishhadmade。ResembleaslittleaspossibleourpresentSecretaryoftheNavy。Avoidboasting。Ourcontributiontovictorywasquiteenoughwithoutboasting。Thehead-masterofoneofourgreatschoolshasputitthustohisschoolboyswhofought:Somepeoplehadtoraiseahundreddollars。Afterstrugglingforyearstheycouldonlyraiseseventy-five。Thenamancamealongandfurnishedtheremainingnecessarytwenty-fivedollars。Thatisagoodwaytoputit。Whatgoodwouldourtwenty-fivedollarshavebeen，andwhereshouldwehavebeen，iftheotherfellowshadn\'traisedtheseventy-fivedollarsfirst?\"
ChapterXIX:LionandCubMytaskisdone。IhavediscussedwithasmuchbrevityasIcouldthethreefoundationsofourancientgrudgeagainstEngland:ourschooltextbooks，ourvariouscontroversiesfromtheRevolutiontotheAlaskanboundarydispute，andcertaindifferencesincustomsandmanners。SomeofourhistorianstowhomIreferarethemselvesaffectedbytheancientgrudge。Youwillseethisifyoureadthem；youwillfindthefacts，whichtheygivefaithfully，andyouwillalsofindthattheyoften(andI
thinkunconsciously)colorsuchfactsasaretoEngland\'sdiscreditandleavepalesuchasaretohercredit，justasweremembertheAlabama，andforgettheLancashirecotton-spinners。Youcannotfailtofind，unlessyouranti-Englishcomplextiltsyourjudgmentincurably，thatEnglandhasbeentous，onthewhole，verymuchmorefriendlythanunfriendly——ifnotatthebeginning，certainlyattheendofeachcontroversy。Whatananti-Englishcomplexcandointhefaceof1914，ishardtoimagine:Canada，Australia，NewZealand，India，theBoers，allGreatBritain\'scolonies，comingacrosstheworldtopourtheirgoldandtheirbloodoutforher!Shedidnotaskthem；shecouldnotforcethem；
oftheirownfreewilltheydidit。Inthewholestoryofmankindsuchasplendidtributeofconfidenceandloyaltyhasneverbeforebeenpaidtoanynation。
Inthismany-peopledworldEnglandisournearestrelation。FromBonapartetotheKaiser，neverhassheallowedanyoutsidertoharmus。
Wearehercub。Shehasoftenclawedus，andwehaveclawedherinreturn。Thiswillprobablygoon。Onceearlierinthesepages，Iaskedthereadernottomisinterpretme，andnowattheendImakethesamerequest。IhavenotsoughttopersuadehimthatGreatBritainisacharitableinstitution。Whatnationis，orcouldbe，giventhenatureofman?Hergoodtreatmentofushasbeentoherowninterest。Sheiswise，farseeing，lessofanopportunistinherstatesmanshipthananyothernation。Shehasseenclearlyandevermoreclearlythatourgoodwillwastoheradvantage。Andbeneathherwisdom，atthebottomofall，ishersenseofourkinshipthroughlibertydefinedandassuredbylaw。Ifweweresofar-seeingassheis，wealsoshouldknowthathergoodwillisequallyimportanttous:notaloneformaterialreasons，orforthesakeofoursafety，butalsoforthosefewdeep，ultimateidealsoflaw，liberty，life，manhoodandwomanhood，whichwesharewithher，whichwegotfromher，becausesheisournearestrelationinthismany-peopledworld。
